Exploring daily time-use patterns: ATUS-X data extractor and online diary visualization tool

Kolpashnikova, Kamila; Flood, Sarah; Sullivan, Oriel; Sayer, Liana C.; Hertog, Ekaterina; Zhou, Muzhi; Kan, Man-Yee; Suh, Jooyeoun; Gershuny, Jonathan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252843

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…We use data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS), the largest openly accessible nationally representative harmonized time diary survey database that provides data comparable across time and space [ 29 ]. Time-diary data are considered the most precise and robust statistical sources available to measure individuals’ behavior [e.g., 18 , 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in time use across age groups: A study of ten industrialized countries, 2005–2015

Román

Gracia

2022

PLoS ONE

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This study uses largescale cross-national time-diary data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) (N = 201,972) covering the period from 2005 to 2015 to examine gender differences in time use by age groups. The study compares ten industrialized countries across Asia, Europe, and North America. In all ten countries, gender differences in time use are smaller in personal care, sleeping and meals, followed by leisure time (including screen-based leisure and active leisure), and largest in housework, care work and paid work activities. Gender disparities in time use are higher in South Korea, Hungary, and Italy, followed closely by Spain, with moderate gender gaps in Western European countries like France and Netherlands, and lowest differences in Finland and Anglo-Saxon countries, including Canada, US, and the UK. Gender differences in housework and caring time increase from adolescence (10–17 years) to early adulthood (18–29 years), showing strong gender gaps in early/middle adulthood (30–44 years), but narrow again during late adulthood (65 years or older). However, the age gradient in care work and housework is most pronounced in Italy and South Korea, being less prominent in Canada and Finland. Gender gaps in paid work are larger in early/middle adulthood (30–44) and middle/late adulthood (45–64), with strongest age gradients observed in the Netherlands and weaker gradients for the US. Gender differences in active leisure increase by age, especially in Southern European countries, while screen-based leisure shows more stable gender gaps by age groups across different countries. Overall, this study shows that age and gender intersect strongly in affecting time-use patterns, but also that the national context plays an important role in shaping gender-age interactions in time use allocation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in time use across age groups: A study of ten industrialized countries, 2005–2015

Román

Gracia

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…A total of ten lifestyles were identified across the three working modes: three within homeworkers, four within commuters and three within hybrid workers. Following the tempogram method developed by Kolpashnikova et al [ 35 ], Fig 1 shows the distinct intraday time use patterns of different lifestyles and the corresponding intraday ExWB patterns. Table 1 further provides the pen portrait for each lifestyle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote working and experiential wellbeing: A latent lifestyle perspective using UK time use survey before and during COVID-19

Chen,

Wan

2024

PLoS ONE

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Mental health in the UK had deteriorated compared with pre-pandemic trends. Existing studies on heterogenous wellbeing changes associated COVID-19 tend to segment population based on isolated socio-economic and demographic indicators, notably gender, income and ethnicity, while a more holistic and contextual understanding of such heterogeneity among the workforce seems lacking. This study addresses this gap by 1) combining UK time use surveys collected before and during COVID-19, 2) identifying latent lifestyles within three working mode groups (commuter, homeworker and hybrid worker) using latent class model, and 3) quantifying nuanced experiential wellbeing (ExWB) changes across workers of distinct lifestyles. The direction and magnitude of ExWB changes were not uniform across activity types, time of day, and lifestyles. The direction of ExWB change during the daytime activities window varied in accordance with lifestyle classifications. Specifically, ExWB decreased for all homeworkers but increased significantly for certain hybrid workers. Magnitude of ExWB change correlated strongly with lifestyle. To understand the significant heterogeneity in ExWB outcomes, a spatial-temporal conceptualisation of working flexibility is developed to explicate the strong yet complex correlations between wellbeing and lifestyles. The implications to post-pandemic “back-to-work” policies are 1) continued expansion of hybrid working optionality, 2) provide wider support for lifestyle adaptation and transitions.

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“…A total of ten lifestyles were identified across the three working modes: three among homeworkers, four among commuters and three among hybrid workers. Following the tempogram method developed by Kolpashnikova et al, (2021), Figure 1 shows the distinct intraday time use patterns of different lifestyles and the corresponding intraday ExWB patterns. Table 1 further provides the pen portrait for each lifestyle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote working and experiential wellbeing: A latent lifestyle perspective using UK Time Use Survey before and during COVID-19

Chen

2022

Preprint

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BackgroundMental health in the UK had deteriorated compared with pre-pandemic trends. The impact of COVID-19 on the subjective wellbeing of working populations with distinct lifestyles is not yet studied.MethodsCombining time use surveys collected pre- and during COVID-19, latent class analysis was used to identify distinct lifestyles based on aggregated daily activity patterns and reported working modes. We provide qualitative pen portraits alongside pre-versus-during pandemic comparisons of intraday time use and wellbeing patterns. Lifestyle heterogeneity in wellbeing was quantified in relation to aggregated activity types.ResultsCOVID-19 impact on wellbeing varied significantly between usual working hours (6am-6pm) and rest of the day. The decline in wellbeing outside of usual working hours was significant and consistent across lifestyles. During usual working hours, the direction of impact varied in line with working modes: wellbeing of homeworkers decreased, remained relatively stable for commuters, and increased for certain hybrid workers. Magnitude of impact correlates strongly with lifestyle: those working long and dispersed hours are more sensitive, whereas non-work dominated lifestyles are more resilient.ConclusionThe direction and magnitude of impact from COVID-19 were not uniformly manifested across activity types, time of day, and latent lifestyles. Blurring work-life boundaries and general anxiety about the pandemic may be key determinants of the decline outside of usual working hours. During usual working hours, strong yet complex correlations between wellbeing and time-use changes suggested that policies aiming to enhance wellbeing of workers need to consider not only spatial flexibility but also provide wider support for temporal flexibility.What is already knownIn the UK, mental health deteriorated compared with pre-pandemic trends. It is presumed that not everyone was affected equally, but there has been little evidence distinguishing population groups with distinct working modes and lifestyles.What are the new findingsDirection of COVID-19 impact strongly correlates with working mode and extent of spatial flexibility: wellbeing decreased for homeworkers, but increased for some hybrid workers. Magnitude of COVID-19 impact strongly correlates with lifestyle and extent of temporal flexibility: those working long and dispersed hours more were sensitive, whereas non-work dominated lifestyles were more resilient.How might this impact policyPolicymakers and employers need to consider the important function workplace has on mental health. As homeworking arrangements become permanent, the psychosocial function of traditional workplaces will become more pertinent. Flexibility around the established work-time regime will also benefit workers’ mental health, and give them greater control to choose and transition between lifestyles.

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Exploring daily time-use patterns: ATUS-X data extractor and online diary visualization tool

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Gender differences in time use across age groups: A study of ten industrialized countries, 2005–2015

Gender differences in time use across age groups: A study of ten industrialized countries, 2005–2015

Remote working and experiential wellbeing: A latent lifestyle perspective using UK time use survey before and during COVID-19

Remote working and experiential wellbeing: A latent lifestyle perspective using UK Time Use Survey before and during COVID-19

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