“…Synthetic biology is a discipline that combines biology, nanotechnology, and engineering to design and build novel organisms and systems. The ability to integrate heterologous genes and to delete, upregulate, or downregulate native genes made it possible to engineer pathways that reshape the metabolism and extend the substrate (e.g., D-xylose; Wasserstrom et al, 2018) and product ranges of yeast strains, (cannabinoids and opioids; Galanie, Thodey, Trenchard, Filsinger Interrante, & Smolke, 2015, Luo et al, 2019.…”