Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education

Chen, Guang; Xu, Bing; Lu, Manli; Chen, Nian-Shing

doi:10.1186/s40561-017-0050-x

Cited by 510 publications

(263 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There are much more related work that center on specific domains with various levels of depth and may or may not adopt a systematic literature review approach, for instance, on finance and cryptocurrencies [54]- [56], governance [24], education [57], energy [58], IoT [59], healthcare [60]. Our work differs from them in that we stress a use case study across all sectors in the smart and sustainable city context, and apply the proposed component-based analysis to drive cross-sector insights.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review

2018

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Blockchain is considered one of the most disruptive technologies of our time. Numerous cities around the world are launching blockchain initiatives as part of the overall efforts toward shaping the urban future. However, the infancy stage of the blockchain industry leads to a severe gap between the knowledge we have and the actions urban policy makers are taking. This paper is an effort to narrow this rift. We provide a systematic literature review on concrete blockchain use cases proposed by the research community. At the macro-level, we discuss and organize use cases from 159 selected papers into nine sectors recognized as crucial for sustainable and smart urban future. At the micro-level, we identify a component-based framework and analyze the design and prototypes of blockchain systems studied in a subset of 71 papers. The high-level use case review allows us to illustrate the relationship between them and the four pillars of urban sustainability: social, economic, environmental, and governmental. The system level analysis helps us highlight interesting inconsistencies between well-known blockchain applicability decision rules and the approaches taken by the literature. We also offer two classification methodologies for blockchain use cases and elaborate on how they can be applied to stimulate cross-sector insights in the blockchain knowledge domain.INDEX TERMS Bitcoin, blockchain, computer networks, consensus, crypto token, distributed computing, Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, systematic literature review, smart city, smart contract, system analysis and design, peer-to-peer computing, urban sustainability, use case.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review

2018

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“…Blockchain technology has been applied to various fields to enable decentralized access and control, such as health (Azaria et al 2016), finance (Nakamoto 2008), and other sectors as reviewed by Crosby et al (2016). Educational institutions and learning organizations have also found innovative ways to use the blockchain technology to control access and sharing of various assets and resources as reviewed by (Chen et al 2018;Bracamonte and Okada 2017;Sharples and Domingue 2016;Grech and Camilleri 2017). While at the time of writing, there were few applications within the field and there are many potential aspects of the education sector in which blockchain can be used, such as multi-step accreditation, recognition and transfer of credits, rewarding use and reuse of an intellectual property, and students funding and payments on the blockchain (Grech and Camilleri 2017).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other reviews on the applications of blockchain technology in academic institutions (Bracamonte and Okada 2017;Sharples and Domingue 2016;Chen et al 2018) have reported on the proposed use of blockchain to give incentives in the form of tokens for peer-review ("ReviewCoin"), an "educational reputation currency" for academic achievements ("Kudos"), and a cryptocurrency for good academic performance. These systems focus on managing learning achievements on the blockchain, whereas our proposed system lays emphasis on using the blockchain to achieve lifelong learning records by connecting granular learning activities and not just learning achievements.…”

Section: Blockchain In Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing lifelong learning records through blockchain

Ocheja

Flanagan

Ueda

et al. 2019

RPTEL

101

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It is a common practice to issue a summary of a learner's learning achievements in form of a transcript or certificate. However, detailed information on the depth of learning and how learning or teachings were conducted is not present in the transcript of scores. This work presents the first practical implementation of a new platform for keeping track of learning achievements beyond transcripts and certificates. This is achieved by maintaining digital hashes of learning activities and managing access rights through the use of smart contracts on the blockchain. The blockchain of learning logs (BOLL) is a platform that enable learners to move their learning records from one institution to another in a secure and verifiable format. This primarily solves the cold-start problem faced by learning data analytic platforms when trying to offer personalized experience to new learners. BOLL enables existing learning data analytic platforms to access the learning logs from other institutions with the permission of the learners and/or institution who originally have ownership of the logs. The main contribution of this paper is to investigate how learning records could be connected across institutions using BOLL. We present an overview of how the implementation has been carried out, discuss resource requirements, and compare the advantages BOLL has over other similar tools.

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“…The paper [1] depicts the potential application of the blockchain in the education system and organizations. Further explains the different issues in the current education system and different educational organizations can be resolved using the blockchain technology in the core area and how It can be resolved using the blockchain technology in education system.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently the Sony and University of Nicosia has successfully implemented the blockchain in education for storing the digital certificate and issuing the degrees. [1]…”

Section: Blockchain In Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Blockchain Technology in Education System

Karale¹,

Khanuja²

2019

IJRTE

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The Blockchain for Education platform helps us to make the tamper-proof certificates and their correct and the overall permanent allocation of these certificates to learners, as well as verification of certificates. It can reduce the overall frauds and tampering of the degrees and certificates. Blockchain technology can be used to solve many educational problems and can help educators as well as learners to monitor the learning outcomes. The data can be stored securely and tamper proof format when it’s stored onto the blockchain network. Here smart contracts can be designed and deployed on to the Ethereum blockchain that can be designed using the solidity programming language. Blockchain can be applied to private, public and consortium sectors depending upon the usage and the scope of the blockchain. Education system can take benefit of this scalability of the blockchain and can be effectively useful in the educational institutions.

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Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education

Cited by 510 publications

References 14 publications

Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review

Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review

Managing lifelong learning records through blockchain

Implementation of Blockchain Technology in Education System

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