Exploring awareness and help-seeking intentions for testicular symptoms among heterosexual, gay, and bisexual men in Ireland: A qualitative descriptive study

Men's information‐seeking behavior regarding cancer risk and screening: A meta‐narrative systematic review

“…71 This could be explained further by using sociological theories, including Connell 0 s theory of hegemonic masculinity that describes how masculine social constructs, such as stoicism, risk-taking, and toughness, impinge on the ways men seek health information. 21,71,72 Men need to be able to justify engaging with healthy lifestyle behaviors and health services.…”

“…This, according to Leone and Rovito, negatively impacts on men's engagement with health services and increases the health gap between both genders . In fact, men are less likely to participate in preventative health care activities, including cancer screening, than women, and are known to delay medical help‐seeking for symptoms of male‐specific and nongender‐specific malginancies…”

“…[16][17][18] This, according to Leone and Rovito, negatively impacts on men 0 s engagement with health services and increases the health gap between both genders. 19 In fact, men are less likely to participate in preventative health care activities, including cancer screening, than women, 20 and are known to delay medical helpseeking for symptoms of male-specific 21 and nongender-specific malginancies. 22 To inform future health promotion policy and positively affect men 0 s health, it is necessary to understand men 0 s health informationseeking behavior in relation to cancer prevention and risk reduction.…”

Promoting men’s awareness, self-examination, and help-seeking for testicular disorders: a systematic review of interventions

“…The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force "recommends against screening for testicular cancer in adolescent or adult men" 40 . 42 . It was found that a number of men lacked awareness of testicular disorders in general and BTDs in particular, as a result many reported that they would most likely delay help-seeking.…”

“…It was found that a number of men lacked awareness of testicular disorders in general and BTDs in particular, as a result many reported that they would most likely delay help-seeking. In addition to lack of awareness, the following were identified as barriers to help-seeking: lack of familiarity with own testes, symptom misappraisal, low perceived risk of TC, embarrassment, fear, denial, false optimism, fatalism, machoism, stoicism, false reassurance by others, and healthcare system barriers such as access, cost and waiting time 42 . By contrast, the following were identified as facilitators to help-seeking: personal or family history of a testicular disease, inherent health-seeking drive, and access to support 42 .…”