Exploring 3-hydroxyflavone scaffolds as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors: synthesis, X-ray crystallography, antimicrobial, fluorescence behaviour, structure-activity relationship and molecular modelling studies

Natural and synthetic flavonoid derivatives as new potential tyrosinase inhibitors: a systematic review

“…82 Detailed investigations have proven that few avonoids are very powerful and effective inhibitors and are discussed in this segment. [83][84][85][86]…”

“…Biological studies performed on natural and synthetic analogs of avonoids have uncovered a considerably broad range of bioactivities manifested by these species which include anxiolytic, anti-microbial, anticancer, anti-inammatory, anti-ulcer, and thrombosis. 85,[87][88][89][90] Certain avonoids commonly found in herbs, vegetables, or obtained from synthetic routes, have shown promising prospects as potential TIs among polyphenolic compounds. There is a considerable connection and correlation between the avonoid's inhibitory potency on tyrosinase and melanin formation in melanocytes.…”

“…Furthermore, quercetin glucoside, with an IC 50 value of 1.9 mM, inhibited tyrosinase more effectively than the positive standard, kojic acid. [173][174][175][176][177][178] Jamshaid et al, 85 synthesized some 3-hydroxyavone derivatives and tested their TI potential against mushroom tyrosinase (Table 13). Fascinatingly, the test analogs 2-(3- on the ability of a 'S' atom to coordinate with the dinuclear Cu 2+ in the enzyme's active site.…”

“…Biological studies performed on natural and synthetic analogs of flavonoids have uncovered a considerably broad range of bioactivities manifested by these species which include anxiolytic, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, and thrombosis. 85,87–90 …”

“…Jamshaid et al , 85 synthesized some 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives and tested their TI potential against mushroom tyrosinase ( Table 13 ). Fascinatingly, the test analogs 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-hydroxyflavone (IC 50 = 0.280 μM) and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxyflavone (IC 50 = 0.230 μM) were found to be the most potent among all the synthesized derivatives and superior to the positive control kojic acid.…”