Exploratory study of humoral and cellular immunity to 17DD Yellow Fever vaccination in children and adults residents of areas without circulation of Yellow Fever Virus

Reis, Laise Rodrigues; Costa-Rocha, Ismael Artur da; Campi-Azevedo, Ana Carolina; Peruhype-Magalhães, Vanessa; Coelho-dos-Reis, Jordana Grazziela Alves; Costa-Pereira, Christiane; Otta, Dayane Andriotti; Freire, Larissa Chaves; Lima, Sheila Maria Barbosa de; Azevedo, Adriana de Souza; Schwarcz, Waleska Dias; Bom, Ana Paula Dinis Ano; Silva, Andréa Marques Vieira da; Souza, Alessandro Fonseca de; Castro, Thalita da Matta de; Ferroco, Clara Lucy de Vasconcellos; Filippis, Ana María Bispo de; Nogueira, Fernanda de Bruycker; Homma, Akira; Domingues, Carla Magda Allan Santos; Sousa, Eduardo Sérgio Soares; Camacho, Luiz Antônio Bastos; Maia, Maria de Lourdes; Teixeira-Carvalho, Andréa; Martins‐Filho, Olindo Assis

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.029

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Human movement is not explicitly incorporated and so the propagation of risk through human mobility will not be captured here, although the spillover force of infection will incorporate some measure of external risk. In addition, we assume lifelong immunity to yellow fever; however, as mentioned, some recent results suggest that immunity may wane following childhood vaccination 31 ;33;34 . The inclusion of waning immunity in the model could potentially reduce overall population immunity (supporting the use of more stringent requirements for vaccination coverage to reduce R values).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing yellow fever outbreak potential and implications for vaccine strategy

Fraser,

Hamlet,

Jean

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundYellow fever (YF), a vector-borne viral hemorrhagic fever, is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and South America, with large vaccination programmes being used for control. However, significant outbreaks have occurred in recent years. Data on infection rates and seroprevalence is often sparse, requiring robust mathematical models to estimate the burden of yellow fever. In particular, modelling is required to estimate the risk of outbreaks and inform policy decisions regarding the targeting of vaccination.MethodsWe present a dynamic, stochastic model of YF transmission which uses environmental covariates to estimate the force of infection due to spillover from the sylvatic (non-human primate) reservoir and the basic reproduction number for human-to-human transmission. We examine the potential for targets identified by the World Health Organization EYE Strategy (50%, 60% or 80% vaccination coverage in 1-60 year olds) to achieve different threshold values for the effective reproduction number. Threshold values are chosen to reflect the potential for seasonal and/or climatic variation in YF transmission even in a scenario where vaccination lowers the median reproduction number below 1.ResultsBased on parameter estimates derived from epidemiological data, it is found that the 2022 EYE Strategy target coverage is sufficient to reduce the static averaged annual effective reproduction numberRbelow 1 across most or all regions in Africa depending on the effectiveness of reported vaccinations, but insufficient to reduce it below 0.5 and thereby eliminate outbreaks in areas with high seasonal range. Coverage levels aligned with the 2026 targets are found to significantly decrease the proportion of regions whereRis greater than 0.5.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing yellow fever outbreak potential and implications for vaccine strategy

Fraser,

Hamlet,

Jean

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Reis et al conducted a retrospective study to assess the impact of age on immunity from YF-17DD vaccination. The authors considered an antibody titer ≥100 as a cutoff point and their results demonstrated that seropositivity rates were higher in adults than in children ( 44 ). Here, as we evaluated three children known to be unvaccinated by YF-17DD and they presented titers lower than 10, so we considered PRNT 50 YF-17DD seropositive when the titer cutoff value was equal or greater than 10.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological investigation of vaccine-induced antibodies for measles, rubella, and yellow fever viruses in children vertically exposed to Zika virus or with down syndrome

Familiar-Macedo,

Dias,

Carvalho

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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BackgroundVaccination schedules, as well as their effectiveness and contraindications, need to be evaluated regularly, especially in specific situations. Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a severe condition that results in extensive functional and neurological impairment of fetuses and newborns due to Zika virus tropism for fetal neural progenitor cells. Down Syndrome (DS) is the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability. The immune impairment in DS has already been described, but little is known about the immune response of CZS children. Thus, CZS and DS are specific conditions that can be considered for a reassessment of the available immunizations. Here, we carried out serological analyses of attenuated vaccines-induced antibodies for measles, rubella, and yellow fever viruses in children aged 2–7, grouped into asymptomatic controls, DS children, and CZS children.MethodsPlasma samples were taken, and vaccination records were compiled during clinical follow-up. Enzymatic immunoassays for quantifying anti-measles and anti-rubella IgG were performed to assess the response to the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) was performed to investigate neutralizing antibodies in response to the Brazilian vaccine strain of yellow fever (YF-17DD).ResultsWe highlight similar levels of anti-measles IgG and neutralizing antibodies for YF-17DD among CZS, DS, and asymptomatic children, although low positivity of measles data was seen in the three groups. In DS children, the 2–4-year-old group had an increased level of anti-measles IgG compared to the older group of children aged five to seven years. Lower anti-rubella IgG levels were observed in CZS and DS children compared to asymptomatic children. For anti-rubella IgG, the good performance of vaccination in asymptomatic children is due to younger ones rather than older ones.ConclusionsThere were no reports of adverse events after the use of the MMR and YF-17DD indicating that CZS and DS could continue to receive these vaccines, but our data draws attention to the necessity of monitoring the vaccination response in CZS and DS children over time and the possible need to adhere to national measles vaccination campaigns. Scientific research needs to continue to help develop appropriate CZS and DS health guidelines.

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“…The attenuated YF vaccine has been widely studied as a successful vaccine for its effectiveness after a single-dose and induction of a long-term protective response [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. This efficient protective response, besides being based on the production of high levels of neutralizing antibodies, has an important contribution from CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses and the early production of gamma interferon, both in animals (mice and monkeys) [ 17 ] and humans [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Two Adjuvant Formulations for an Inactivated Yellow Fever 17DD Vaccine Candidate in Mice

et al. 2022

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The attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccine is one of the most successful vaccines ever developed. After a single dose administration YF vaccine can induce balanced Th1/Th2 immune responses and long-lasting neutralizing antibodies. These attributes endorsed it as a model of how to properly stimulate the innate response to target protective immune responses. Despite their longstanding success, attenuated YF vaccines can cause rare fatal adverse events and are contraindicated for persons with immunosuppression, egg allergy and age < 6 months and >60 years. These drawbacks have encouraged the development of a non-live vaccine. The aim of the present study is to characterize and compare the immunological profile of two adjuvant formulations of an inactivated YF 17DD vaccine candidate. Inactivated YF vaccine formulations based on alum (Al(OH)3) or squalene (AddaVax®) were investigated by immunization of C57BL/6 mice in 3-dose or 2-dose schedules, respectively, and compared with a single dose of attenuated YF virus 17DD. Sera were analyzed by ELISA and Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) for detection of total IgG and neutralizing antibodies against YF virus. In addition, splenocytes were collected to evaluate cellular responses by ELISpot. Both inactivated formulations were able to induce high titers of IgG against YF, although neutralizing antibodies levels were borderline on pre-challenge samples. Analysis of IgG subtypes revealed a predominance of IgG2a associated with improved neutralizing capacity in animals immunized with the attenuated YF vaccine, and a predominance of IgG1 in groups immunized with experimental non-live formulations (alum and AddaVax®). After intracerebral (IC) challenge, attenuated and inactivated vaccine formulations showed an increase in neutralizing antibodies. The AddaVax®-based inactivated vaccine and the attenuated vaccine achieved 100% protection, and alum-based equivalent formulation achieved 70% protection.

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Exploratory study of humoral and cellular immunity to 17DD Yellow Fever vaccination in children and adults residents of areas without circulation of Yellow Fever Virus

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Assessing yellow fever outbreak potential and implications for vaccine strategy

Assessing yellow fever outbreak potential and implications for vaccine strategy

Serological investigation of vaccine-induced antibodies for measles, rubella, and yellow fever viruses in children vertically exposed to Zika virus or with down syndrome

Evaluation of Two Adjuvant Formulations for an Inactivated Yellow Fever 17DD Vaccine Candidate in Mice

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