Exploratory study of HAWT blade throw risk to nearby people and property

Eggers, A. J.; Holley, W. E.; Digumarthi, R.; Chaney, K.

doi:10.2514/6.2001-61

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Turner, 3 also employing a point-mass model, used Monte Carlo simulation techniques to construct a statistical distribution of blade fragment impact. Eggers et al 4 likewise exercised a point-mass model for blade fragments using Monte Carlo methods and obtained results similar to that of Macqueen et al 2 The first investigation of fragment throw using full six-degree-of-freedom modeling was performed by Montgomerie, 5 who reported very high maximum distances. Sørensen 6,7 also analysed full rigid body motion of the blade fragment and reported how maximum throw distance varied as a function of aerodynamic characteristics, fragment center of gravity location, pitch angle and wind velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The dynamic model of the blade fragment in free flight consists of 13 scalar differential equations, given by equations (1)- (4). The states of the system are defined as follows: blade mass center position with respect to the inertial frame (x; y; z), mass center translational velocity resolved in the blade-fixed frame (u; v; w), quaternion rotational parameters describing blade orientation (q 0 ; q 1 ; q 2 ; q 3 ) and angular velocity components resolved in the blade-fixed frame (p; q; r).…”

Section: Blade Throw Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method for defining wind turbine setback standards

2011

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Setback distances established by regulatory authorities to minimize the probability of blade fragment impact with roads, structures and infrastructure can often have a significant impact on wind farm development. However, these minimum distance requirements typically rely on arbitrary rules of thumb and are not based on a physical or probabilistic analysis of blade throw. The work reported here uses a probabilistic approach to evaluate the effectiveness of current standards and to propose a new technique for determining setback distances. This is accomplished through the use of a dynamic model of wind turbine blade failure coupled with Monte Carlo simulation techniques applied to three different wind turbines. It is first shown that common setback standards based on turbine height and blade radius provide inconsistent and inadequate protection against blade throw. Then, using a simplified dynamic analysis of a thrown blade fragment, it is shown that the release velocity of the blade fragment is the critical factor in determining the maximum distance fragments are likely to travel. The importance of release velocity is further verified through simulation results. Finally, a new method for developing setback standards is proposed based on an acceptable level of risk. Given specific wind turbine operational parameters and a set of failure probabilities, the new method leverages realistic blade throw modeling to produce setback standards with a valid physical foundation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Blade Throw Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for defining wind turbine setback standards

2011

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“…Notice that X, Y, Z are the body frame components of the total applied forces while L, M, N represent the body frame applied moments about the mass center. The mass of the rotor blade is denoted as m. The matrix [T IB ] is the body to inertial frame rotation transformation matrix given by (5) and [I ] is the mass moment of inertia matrix of the body evaluated at the mass center with respect to body frame coordinates.…”

Section: Dynamic Model Of a Rotor Blade Failure 21 Blade Equations mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Eggers, Holley, et al [5] used a point mass dynamic model connected to Monte Carlo simulation and achieved results similar to Macqueen and Ainsilie [3]. Montgomerie [6] expanded the work of others [2][3][4][5] by dynamically modeling fragments with a rigid 6 degree of freedom dynamic model representation. Very large throw distances are shown which fall out of the range of most other reported efforts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Risk of a Failed Wind Turbine Blade Impacting a Power Transmission Line

et al. 2009

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Wind turbine installations are generally situated in proximity to power transmission lines that integrate generated power into the grid. Failure of a wind turbine that results in a blade or blade fragment thrown from the rotor can result in impact with a transmission line and lead to significant transmission line damage. The work reported here creates a mathematical model to assess the risk of this type of failure event occurring as a function of wind turbine characteristics and the relative position of the power transmission line. A comprehensive rotor blade flight dynamic simulation tool comprised of a rigid body representation with 6 degrees of freedom is used. The model generates full three dimensional motion of a failed wind turbine blade from release of the wind turbine blade at the point of failure to impact. Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate impact statistics including the probability that a failed wind turbine blade will impact a transmission line. A set of simulation results are generated for a nominal 1.5 MW wind turbine with a 50 m transmission height. Simulation results show that large blade fragments have relatively high transmission line impact probabilities for small offset distances while small blade fragments have overall lower impact probabilities but are spread over a larger offset distance range. Transmission line impact probability is also a strong function not only of the offset distance but also the orientation of the transmission line relative to the wind turbine and the atmospheric wind velocity vector.

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“…Eggers et al reported on a fragment analysis of the NWTC in 2001. Although they made several parametric studies that may pave a path towards generalizing the problem, their overall model assumed a constant drag coefficient ( C D ) of 0.5, which would be considered high compared with findings from Sørensen and Larwood and van Dam .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of blade fragment risk at a wind energy facility

Larwood

Simms

2019

Wind Energy

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An analysis was performed to determine the risk posed by wind turbine fragments on roads and buildings at the National Wind Technology Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.The authors used a previously developed model of fragment trajectory and took into account the wind speed/direction distribution at the site and the probability of rotor failure. The site-specific risk was assessed by determining the likelihood of impact and related consequences. For both the roads and buildings, the risk varied from low to routine, which was considered acceptable.

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Exploratory study of HAWT blade throw risk to nearby people and property

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

A method for defining wind turbine setback standards

A method for defining wind turbine setback standards

Modeling the Risk of a Failed Wind Turbine Blade Impacting a Power Transmission Line

Analysis of blade fragment risk at a wind energy facility

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