Exploratory factor analysis with small sample sizes: A comparison of three approaches

Jung, Seok-Kyu

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2012.11.016

Cited by 81 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The factor structures extracted by REFA, with an anti‐image regularization scheme and varimax rotation [Jung & Lee, ; Jung, personal communication] and by PCA with varimax rotation were highly comparable. The REFA solution had slightly lower loadings of factors, relative to PCA, as predicted [Jung, ; Konečná et al, ]. Targeted orthogonal Procrustes rotation [McCrae et al, ] confirmed this similarity‐there was an overall solution congruence of 1.00 when rounded to two decimal places.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Additionally, we reduced our data using regularized exploratory factor analysis (REFA), a method developed specifically for small sample sizes [Jung, ; Jung & Lee, ; Jung & Takane, ] using MATLAB software. The factor structures extracted by REFA, with an anti‐image regularization scheme and varimax rotation [Jung & Lee, ; Jung, personal communication] and by PCA with varimax rotation were highly comparable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality and subjective well‐being in captive male western lowland gorillas living in bachelor groups

Schaefer

Steklis

2014

American J Primatol

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The purpose of this study was to determine the personality structure of eight male gorillas (five silverbacks and three blackbacks) housed at the Sedgwick County Zoo in Wichita, Kansas and to determine if personality predicts behavior and subjective well-being in male gorillas living in bachelor groups. We used the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire which contains 54 descriptive adjectives with representative items from the human five-factor model. Rates of 12 behaviors that are broadly defined as agonistic or affiliative were independently recorded and calculated. Principal components analysis yielded three reliable personality factors: Dominance, Extraversion/Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. These results are the first potential quantitative evidence for a Conscientiousness factor in a hominoid other than chimpanzees and humans. This suggests that Conscientiousness originated with the common ancestor of male gorillas and humans around 10 million years ago. These results indicate that humans can reliably assess the personality and subjective well-being of captive male gorillas living in bachelor groups with robust levels of inter-rater reliability and validity. Furthermore, personality can accurately predict behavior (r = 0.79; n = 13) and subjective well-being (r = 0.83; n = 5) in gorillas and provide convergent and discriminant validity for the personality factors. The results advocate for the use of personality questionnaires in the captive management of bachelor gorillas over long-term multi-institutional behavioral studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and subjective well‐being in captive male western lowland gorillas living in bachelor groups

Schaefer

Steklis

2014

American J Primatol

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“…In case the sample size is small, the method preferred is Unweighted Least Squares (ULS). 26 Therefore, the ULS method was used as factor extraction method in the exploratory factor analysis. To determine the rotation method to be used, the correlation between the factors was investigated.…”

Section: Descriptive Characteristics Of the Patients And Caregiversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies used by families to cope with chronic mental illnesses: Psychometric properties of the family crisis oriented personal evaluation scale

Sari

Duman

2020

Perspect Psychiatr Care

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Purpose: This study was aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale (F-COPES) for Turkish society, which assesses the coping skills of caregivers of individuals with chronic mental illnesses. Design and Methods:The study was conducted with 153 family caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness admitted to the inpatient and outpatient units of two university hospitals and İzmir Schizophrenia Solidarity Association. For the language validity, the translation-back translation method was performed, for the content validity, expert opinions were obtained, for the construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. For the reliability analysis, Cronbach α reliability coefficient was calculated and the test-retest reliability analysis was performed. Findings:The content validity index of the scale was 0.96. The Cronbach's α reliability coefficient for the overall scale was .80. Factor loadings of the subscales ranged between 0.56 and 0.69 for the Acquiring Social Support subscale, between 0.43 and 0.74 for the Reframing subscale, between 0.53 and 0.74 for the Seeking Spiritual Support subscale. The model fit indexes were as follows: χ 2 = 176.369, df = 116, χ 2 / df = 1.52, RMSEA = 0.059, CFI = 0.90, IFI = 0.91, GFI = 0.88. Practice Implications:The results of the present study show that the levels of

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“…The communalities, i.e., the amount of variance in each item that is measured or accounted for by the components that were extracted with Varimax, are shown in Table II. Low communalities are considered to be those below 0.4, while those over 0.6 are considered high ( Jung, 2013). In factor analysis, only those factors or components with an eigenvalue greater than unity were considered, and only four components met that requirement.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Six Sigma enablers in Mexican manufacturing companies: a proposed model

Tlapa

Limón

Alcaráz

et al. 2016

Industrial Management &Amp; Data Systems

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Exploratory factor analysis with small sample sizes: A comparison of three approaches

Cited by 81 publications

References 23 publications

Personality and subjective well‐being in captive male western lowland gorillas living in bachelor groups

Personality and subjective well‐being in captive male western lowland gorillas living in bachelor groups

Strategies used by families to cope with chronic mental illnesses: Psychometric properties of the family crisis oriented personal evaluation scale

Six Sigma enablers in Mexican manufacturing companies: a proposed model

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