Exploratory factor analysis: strategies used by patients to promote health

Abstract

Strategies used by patients to promote health (SUPPH) was used to measure self-care self-efficacy in patients with cancer. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the extent to which self-efficacy theory explained the factor structure of the SUPPH and (2) to determine the relationship of demographic data with factors of the SUPPH. Subjects were diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) and treated with either: (a) radical prostatectomy, (b) intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) + radioactive seed implantation, or (c) IMRT + high dose rate. Subjects completed a demographic questionnaire and the SUPPH. Exploratory factor analysis of the SUPPH was performed using a varimax rotation. Subjects (n = 265) were predominately white and averaged 68 years of age. The model explained 81.3% of the total sum of eigenvalues. Two factors of the SUPPH were identified: physiological efficacy information and performance efficacy information. Younger subjects who were fully employed and earning more money had significantly higher performance self-efficacy than older subjects who were working part time and earning less money. Results are congruent with Bandura's (1997) description of self-efficacy. Use of the SUPPH may facilitate research validating Bandura's (1997) assertion that an individual's self-efficacy is related to quality of life (QOL) during chronic illness. Additional research focusing on self-efficacy and PCa patients' QOL may lead to efficacy enhancing interventions that will improve QOL of patients with PCa.

Quality of life of men treated for localized prostate cancer: outcomes at 6 and 12 months

“…In men with prostate cancer, a growing body of research, focused on personal beliefs about exercising some control over conditions that affect one's life, demonstrated that self-efficacy may link psychological factors and outcomes such as QOL, symptom distress, stress, anxiety, and depression [14]. In survivors of PCa, higher self-efficacy was significantly (p=0.001) associated with better urinary, sexual, and bowel function [16].…”

Development of a Novel Remote Patient Monitoring System

“…Three subscales (stress reduction, making decisions, and positive attitude) and a total score can be calculated. 42 An increase in score shows an increase in level of self-efficacy related to self-care behaviors. Disease-specific quality of life was assessed using the FACT-L scale.…”

Assessing self‐efficacy for coping with cancer: development and psychometric analysis of the brief version of the Cancer Behavior Inventory (CBI‐B)

“…Studies have suggested that those cancer patients who feel more efficacious in their ability to cope are better adjusted (4,20), enjoy a higher quality of life (21), may live longer (22), and experience less depression (23) than those who feel less confident in their ability to cope.…”

“…Whereas self-efficacy for coping has been investigated in the more broad literature on health and illness, relatively few researchers have examined this construct fully as it relates to cancer. The few brief measures of coping self-efficacy that exist currently were not developed to the point of the CBI-L and therefore do not yet lend themselves to shortening at this point (18,20,21).…”

“…More recently, a factor analysis of the 29-item SUPPH was performed on data from 278 prostate cancer patients. Results yielded two factors, which were labeled Physiological/Emotional Efficacy and Performance Efficacy (27). The latter factor included a coherent group of items that reflect a stress reduction component.…”