Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses for Testing Validity and Reliability of the Malay Language Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID)

Abstract

This study examines the construct validity and reliability of the Malay language questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) in women. Study Design: Random sampling design was used in this cross-sectional survey. Materials and Methods: The Americanized English language questionnaire was translated to the Malay language and distributed to community-dwelling Malaysian women living in various locations in Selangor. The construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability was determined using Cronbach's α. Results: A total of 111 women completed the Malay language QUID in this pilot study. The Keiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy of 0.675 and Bartlett's test of sphericity (χ 2 = 284.633, df = 15, p = 0.001) indicated that the EFA was possible. The total variance and the scree plot identified two factors above the initial eigenvalue of 1 while a third factor was just below it (0.758). The CFA output showed a recursive model with the solution being not admissible because two unobserved and exogenous variables had negative variance estimates. The following values of absolute fit indices showed an acceptable level of fit: 1) Chi-square test with χ 2 = 4.997, df = 5, p = 0.416, indicated a smaller difference between the expected and observed covariance matrices; 2) GFI = 0.986, AGFI = 0.939, RMR = 0.021 and CMIN/DF = 1.0 indicated acceptable level of fit; 3) The baseline comparison values of NFI = 0.983 and CFI = 1.0 also H. K. Dhillon et al. 845 indicated a good fit to the data; 4) RMSEA = 0.000 was considered a perfect fit indicating that the hypothesized model was a good fit to the observed data. Under the hypothesis of "close fit", the probability of getting a sample RMSEA as large as 0.000 was 0.567. The Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.823 indicated good reliability. Conclusion: The Malay language QUID is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing female urinary incontinence in the Malaysian population.

Urinary Incontinence Amongst Malaysian Women in Selangor: Prevalence, Types and Risk Factors

“…An added advantage of using the QUID scoring scale is that it allows for ascertaining the UI subtypes, which is not possible with the WHO definition [5,7,10]. Using the QUID score criteria, women in this study who complained of UI (n=52) had complained about the severity of the involuntary urine leak as either 'often', 'almost all the time' or 'all the time'.…”

“…This was an observational, cross-sectional, populationbased study using a validated, standardised Monash Malay Women Health Questionnaire (MMWHQ) and Questionnaire urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) [6]. A diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is made when the respondents score from 4 to 15/15 to the first 3 questions, and a diagnosis of urge urinary incontinence (UUI) when they score from 6 to 15/15 to questions 4 to 6 [5]. The diagnosis of mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) is made based on the score of ≥11/30 [7].…”

“…MMWHQ was used because it contained a number of internationally validated questionnaires [6]. Each booklet consisted of questions with semi-structured responses.…”

“…QUID was considered appropriate due to its sensitive scoring criteria and being user-friendly [4]. QUID was translated into the Malay Language and after validation was found to be a reliable tool for this study [5]. The Malay version of QUID was then used in this study to document the prevalence and subtypes while the Monash Malay Women Health Questionnaire was used to document the risk factors associated with UI.…”

Relationship between urinary incontinence and quality of life of older persons in Malaysia

“…UI was one of the independent variables used in this study, individuals were considered to have clinically significant UUI if they had a total score for Questions 1–3 is ≥4 of 15, or SUI if total score for Questions 4–6 is ≥6 of 15 accordingly to published cut‐offs 15 . The diagnosis of MUI was made based on the total score of ≥11 of 30 for all questions.…”