Explorative Study of Aquaponics Systems in Indonesia

Abstract

Aquaponics is the combined cultivation of fish in aquaculture systems and plants in hydroponic systems. This study aimed to explore and evaluate new aquaponics system designs in Jakarta, Indonesia, in terms of water and nutrient efficiency, and/or profitability. In total, one brackish water system with barramundi and tomato (BW) and three freshwater systems with Nile tilapia, rice, and duckweed (FW + DW), Nile tilapia and rice (FW − DW), and Nile tilapia and tomato (FW-tomato) were investigated using dynamic mathematical models. The results showed an increase of N, P, and water use efficiency by 10%, 18%, and 31%, respectively, in FW-tomato compare to FW − DW. Meanwhile, FW + DW only slightly increased the efficiency but worsened the already negative net present value (NPV) of FW − DW due to the high land prices. The BW system had similar water and nutrient efficiency to FW-tomato, but lower NPV. Profit of the BW and FW-tomato becomes comparable if the hydroponic area in the BW system can be expanded by 35%, or the selling price of tomato or fish in the BW can be increased by 20%. Given the expected growth of both the production of tomatoes and aquaculture in Indonesia, there is potential for further introduction of aquaponics systems in Indonesia.

Integrated Rice-Multi-Trophic-Aquaponics and Rice-Tilapia- Monoculture Systems as Environmental Techniques for Optimizing Water, Feed Conversion Ratio, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Use Efficiency

“…The nal yield of rice and sh mainly depends on the coculture system, co-culture conditions, and aquatic animal species compositions. This nding was previously supported by several studies [17][18][19]21,26,67 . In India, Mohanty, et al 19 and T-R-NFT were 8.8, 5.8, 4.9, and 2.5 tonne ha − 1 , respectively, as compared to the traditional rice cultivation in Egypt, ranged from 6 to 8 tonne ha − 1 68 .…”

“…be attributed to the synergistic power of different feeding habits of aquatic animals in the IMTA system (mullet, cray sh, mussels, and silver carp), which signi cantly boosted the nutrient removal utilization e ciency. Tarigan, et al 21 investigated various rice-sh integrated aquaponics systems in freshwater and brackish water. The results of this study revealed increases in water use e ciency (31%), P (18%), and N (10%) in a freshwater treatment.…”

“…However, meeting the growing demand for rice without increasing environmental costs presents a signi cant challenge for global rice farming 13 . Rice can be used as a co-cultivation integration technique to create successful habitats for various aquatic animals 14,15 , even aquatic vertebrates such as Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus [16][17][18] , common carp, Cyprinus carpio [16][17][18][19] , mrigal carp, Cirrhinus mrigala 19 , yellow cat sh, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 20 , Java barb, Barbonymus gonionotus 17,18 , the Asian sea bass, barramundi, Lates calcarifer 21 , major South Asian carp, Catla catla 19 , and rohu, Labeo rohita 19 , and the Dojo loach, pond loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 22 ) or aquatic invertebrates (such as freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense 20,23 , Macrobrachium rosenbergii 19 , Paci c whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei 23 , Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis 22 , The Chinese softshell turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis 22 , and the Red Swamp Cray sh, Procambarus clarkii 22 .…”

Insect-based fish feed in decoupled aquaponic systems: Effect on lettuce production and resource use

“…The amount of saved inorganic fertiliser can even substantially be increased depending on e.g. system type and design, fish stocking density, amount of feed, and daily water exchange rate, as has been shown already by other studies [14,[49][50][51]. Inorganic fertiliser production…”

Penerapan Integrated Farming Berbasis Zero Waste dalam Mendukung Perekonomian Masyarakat Desa Grenden

“…Keunggulan lain dalam sistem hidroponik yaitu berbagai macam spesies tanaman dapat ditanam dalam sistem hidroponik. Sistem hidroponik ini dapat menghemat air dalam jumlah besar sehingga menghasilkan hasil panen yang lebih tinggi dan hampir tidak terpengaruh oleh perubahan iklim [4] . Pada sistem hidroponik, tanaman menerima semua nutrisi penting dari larutan kaya nutrisi.…”