Explorations of Extreme Space Weather Events from Stellar Observations and Archival Investigations

Hayakawa, Hisashi; Notsu, Yuta; Ebihara, Yusuke

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7765-7_11

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 172 publications

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“…As for a more comprehensive review of the statistical studies of superflares on solartype stars described in Sects. 3.1-3.3, see also the recent book chapter by Hayakawa et al (2023c).…”

Section: Latest Statistical Properties Of Superflares On Solar-type S...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm

Usoskin,

Miyake,

Baroni

et al. 2023

Space Sci Rev

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The Sun is magnetically active and often produces eruptive events on different energetic and temporal scales. Until recently, the upper limit of such events was unknown and believed to be roughly represented by direct instrumental observations. However, two types of extreme events were discovered recently: extreme solar energetic particle events on the multi-millennial time scale and super-flares on sun-like stars. Both discoveries imply that the Sun might rarely produce events, called extreme solar events (ESE), whose energy could be orders of magnitude greater than anything we have observed during recent decades. During the years following these discoveries, great progress has been achieved in collecting observational evidence, uncovering new events, making statistical analyses, and developing theoretical modelling. The ESE paradigm lives and is being developed. On the other hand, many outstanding questions still remain open and new ones emerge. Here we present an overview of the current state of the art and the forming paradigm of ESE from different points of view: solar physics, stellar–solar projections, cosmogenic-isotope data, modelling, historical data, as well as terrestrial, technological and societal effects of ESEs. Special focus is paid to open questions and further developments. This review is based on the joint work of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) team #510 (2020–2022).

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“…As for a more comprehensive review of the statistical studies of superflares on solartype stars described in Sects. 3.1-3.3, see also the recent book chapter by Hayakawa et al (2023c).…”

Section: Latest Statistical Properties Of Superflares On Solar-type S...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm

Usoskin,

Miyake,

Baroni

et al. 2023

Space Sci Rev

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Stellar flares

Kowalski

2024

Living Rev Sol Phys

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Magnetic storms on stars manifest as remarkable, randomly occurring changes of the luminosity over durations that are tiny in comparison to the normal evolution of stars. These stellar flares are bursts of electromagnetic radiation from X-ray to radio wavelengths, and they occur on most stars with outer convection zones. They are analogous to the events on the Sun known as solar flares, which impact our everyday life and modern technological society. Stellar flares, however, can attain much greater energies than those on the Sun. Despite this, we think that these phenomena are rather similar in origin to solar flares, which result from a catastrophic conversion of latent magnetic field energy into atmospheric heating within a region that is relatively small in comparison to normal stellar sizes. We review the last several decades of stellar flare research. We summarize multi-wavelength observational results and the associated thermal and nonthermal processes in flaring stellar atmospheres. Static and hydrodynamic models are reviewed with an emphasis on recent progress in radiation-hydrodynamics and the physical diagnostics in flare spectra. Thanks to their effects on the space weather of exoplanetary systems (and thus in our search for life elsewhere in the universe) and their preponderance in Kepler mission data, white-light stellar flares have re-emerged in the last decade as a widely-impactful area of study within astrophysics. Yet, there is still much we do not understand, both empirically and theoretically, about the spectrum of flare radiation, its origin, and its time evolution. We conclude with several big-picture questions that are fundamental in our pursuit toward a greater understanding of these enigmatic stellar phenomena and, by extension, those on the Sun.

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Explorations of Extreme Space Weather Events from Stellar Observations and Archival Investigations

Cited by 2 publications

References 172 publications

Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm

Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm

Stellar flares

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