Exploration of the influence of insecure attachment and parental maltreatment on the incidence and course of adult clinical depression

Brown, George W.; Harris, Tirril; Craig, T. K. J.

doi:10.1017/s0033291718001721

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…This is another limitation of this study. Recent research suggested that insecure attachment and parental maltreatment increased the risk of depression [12]. Future studies should investigate the complex relationships between types of childhood maltreatment and adulthood depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the influence of childhood neglect on the course of depression is considered to be independent of sociodemographic and clinical variables [11]. Recent research has suggested that an insecure attachment and parental maltreatment increased the risk of depression [12]. Therefore, childhood maltreatment has various effects on depressive symptoms in adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural equation modeling approach to explore the influence of childhood maltreatment in adults

et al. 2020

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Background Childhood maltreatment affects social functioning in the general adult population. However, how child abuse affects functional disability in adulthood remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the correlation between child abuse, depressive symptoms, cognitive complaints, and functional disability in adult community volunteers. Methods Participants (N = 556) completed the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment, and Sheehan Disability Scale. Multiple regression analyses and structural equation modeling were performed to evaluate scale correlations. Results Structural equation modeling showed that the direct effect of childhood maltreatment on depressive symptoms, the indirect effect of childhood maltreatment on cognitive function via depressive symptoms, and the indirect effects of childhood maltreatment on functional disability via depressive symptoms and via cognitive function were all significant. The direct effects of childhood maltreatment on cognitive function and functional disability were not significant. There was no significant association between variables. Limitations Cross-sectional designs cannot identify causal relationships between parameters. Participants were adult volunteers from the community; therefore, results may not be generalizable

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural equation modeling approach to explore the influence of childhood maltreatment in adults

et al. 2020

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“…Experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM) are one of the main contributors to mental illness (Brown, Harris, & Craig, 2019 ; Hughes et al, 2017 ). However, CM is non-specifically associated with psychiatric disorders, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood maltreatment disrupts HPA-axis activity under basal and stress conditions in a dose–response relationship in children and adolescents

et al. 2021

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Background This study investigates the impact of childhood maltreatment (CM) on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)-axis functioning and on anxiety perception. Moreover, the influence of CM severity and frequency was also explored. Methods In total, 187 participants aged 7–17 were assessed for CM history using validated questionnaires and ad hoc interviews to be classified according to the criteria of the Tool for Assessing the Severity of Situations in which Children are Vulnerable (TASSCV). Psychopathology was ascertained using the K-SADS-PL5. To assess HPA-axis functioning, salivary cortisol samples were collected throughout a normal day and during an acute psychosocial stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test for children (TSST-C). Subjective anxiety was evaluated using STAI/-C. Results Youth with a CM history had higher overall diurnal cortisol levels (p = 0.001), blunted cortisol response to acute psychosocial stress (p = 0.002) and greater perceived anxiety (p = 0.003), than those without CM. Specifically, participants exposed to moderate/severe or often/frequent CM showed the greater diurnal cortisol output (pseverity = 0.002; pfrequency = 0.003), and blunted cortisol response during the TSST-C (pseverity = 0.006; pfrequency = 0.008). Meanwhile, youth with low CM severity/frequency exhibited a similar cortisol response to those without CM. However, perceived anxiety was higher in those exposed to CM (p < 0.001), regardless of its severity/frequency. Conclusions Disturbances in HPA-axis functioning are already evident early after CM exposure, while psychological and physiological responses to an acute stressor are dissociated in youth exposed to CM. The dose–response relationship described in this paper highlights the need to comprehensively evaluate CM so that vulnerable children can be identified and assigned to proper interventions.

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“…The diathesis-stress model posits that psychiatric disorders result from a complex interaction of genetic predispositions and environmental factors, which gradually evolve during early development. Childhood abuse and maltreatment have been identified as major risk factors for depression and other mental illnesses in adults 1–3 . Although adversity and stress can exert harmful effects at any point in time during life, it is clear that early childhood and adolescence are the most sensitive periods as the central nervous system is still developing 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural characterisation of chronic unpredictable stress based on ethologically relevant paradigms in rats

Sequeira‐Cordero

Salas-Bastos

Fornaguera

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm is extensively used in preclinical research. However, CUS exhibits translational inconsistencies, some of them resulting from the use of adult rodents, despite the evidence that vulnerability for many psychiatric disorders accumulates during early life. Here, we assessed the validity of the CUS model by including ethologically-relevant paradigms in juvenile rats. Thus, socially-isolated (SI) rats were submitted to CUS and compared with SI (experiment 1) and group-housed controls (experiment 1 and 2). We found that lower body-weight gain and hyperlocomotion, instead of sucrose consumption and preference, were the best parameters to monitor the progression of CUS, which also affected gene expression and neurotransmitter contents associated with that CUS-related phenotype. The behavioural characterisation after CUS placed locomotion and exploratory activity as the best stress predictors. By employing the exploratory factor analysis, we reduced each behavioural paradigm to few latent variables which clustered into two general domains that strongly predicted the CUS condition: (1) hyper-responsivity to novelty and mild threats, and (2) anxiety/depressive-like response. Altogether, the analyses of observable and latent variables indicate that early-life stress impairs the arousal-inhibition system leading to augmented and persistent responses towards novel, rewarding, and mildly-threatening stimuli, accompanied by lower body-weight gain.

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Exploration of the influence of insecure attachment and parental maltreatment on the incidence and course of adult clinical depression

Abstract: Both insecure attachment and parental maltreatment contribute to an increased risk of depression with complex effects involving types of insecure attachment.

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Structural equation modeling approach to explore the influence of childhood maltreatment in adults

Structural equation modeling approach to explore the influence of childhood maltreatment in adults

Childhood maltreatment disrupts HPA-axis activity under basal and stress conditions in a dose–response relationship in children and adolescents

Behavioural characterisation of chronic unpredictable stress based on ethologically relevant paradigms in rats

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