Exploration of Neural Activity under Cognitive Reappraisal Using Simultaneous EEG-fMRI Data and Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis

Abstract

Background Neural activity under cognitive reappraisal can be more accurately investigated using simultaneous EEG- (electroencephalography) fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) than using EEG or fMRI only. Complementary spatiotemporal information can be found from simultaneous EEG-fMRI data to study brain function. Method An effective EEG-fMRI fusion framework is proposed in this work. EEG-fMRI data is simultaneously sampled on fifteen visually stimulated healthy adult participants. Net-station toolbox and empirical mode decomposition are employed for EEG denoising. Sparse spectral clustering is used to construct fMRI masks that are used to constrain fMRI activated regions. A kernel-based canonical correlation analysis is utilized to fuse nonlinear EEG-fMRI data. Results The experimental results show a distinct late positive potential (LPP, latency 200-700ms) from the correlated EEG components that are reconstructed from nonlinear EEG-fMRI data. Peak value of LPP under reappraisal state is smaller than that under negative state, however, larger than that under neutral state. For correlated fMRI components, obvious activation can be observed in cerebral regions, e.g., the amygdala, temporal lobe, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and frontal lobe. Meanwhile, in these regions, activated intensity under reappraisal state is obviously smaller than that under negative state and larger than that under neutral state. Conclusions The proposed EEG-fMRI fusion approach provides an effective way to study the neural activities of cognitive reappraisal with high spatiotemporal resolution. It is also suitable for other neuroimaging technologies using simultaneous EEG-fMRI data.

Clinical and Neurophysiological Correlates of Emotion and Food Craving Regulation in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

“…reappraisal or suppression) is related with different modulation of the LPP amplitude while regulating emotions, at least in healthy individuals. Since the modulation of LPP amplitude has been linked to reappraisal of negative emotions in HC [30][31][32][33]39,40], the present results may further suggest a link between neurophysiological markers of emotion regulation and the tendency to adopt reappraisal as cognitive strategy to down-regulate negative emotions in the non-clinical population. By contrast, LPP response did not significantly correlate with emotion regulation strategies among patients with AN.…”

“…Despite of the reported ERP indices of emotional processing, the instruction to down-regulate negative emotions did not elicit significant differences in mean P300 and LPP amplitudes when compared to passive viewing of negatively valenced emotional stimuli in any group. Since a reduction in LPP amplitude has been previously shown during emotion down-regulation in healthy population [30][31][32][33]39,40], the lack of this effect can be explained by a failure in emotion down-regulation that occurred in both AN patients and controls. This can be due to the fact that participants were not instructed to adopt a specific regulation strategy (e.g.…”

“…Due to the clinical relevance of emotions in daily life, numerous EEG studies have focused on down-regulation of P300 and LPP amplitudes in response to negative and positive emotions [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Although most studies point to a reduction of LPP amplitudes when participants try to down-regulate their negative emotions [30][31][32][33]39,40], other research studies have found no significant modulation of this component [35,38], or even a modulation in the opposite direction [41]. Focusing on the eating disorders field, several ERP studies have shown emotion regulation difficulties among individuals with comorbidities, such as anxiety disorders and alexithymia [42,43].…”

Neuropsychophysiological Measures of Alcohol Dependence: Can We Use EEG in the Clinical Assessment?

“…It is modulated by the emotional content of stimuli, showing an increase in comparison with its activity under neutral stimuli. However, cognitive reappraisal related to positive emotional regulation seems to reduce LPP amplitude (66)(67)(68). In this type of tasks, subjects passively visualize images with high emotional content, and they are asked to classify them according to three dimensions: valence, arousal, and dominance.…”

FMRI Functional Connectivity Evaluation in Alzheimer’s Stages: Linear and Non-Linear Approaches

“…The PCC in the new space is equivalent to non-linear relations in the primary space. In another research, the Kernel Canonical Correlation (KCC) was employed to analyze fMRI and EEG data (Yang et al, 2018). Among all controversies about linear methods or non-linear ones, in 2005, Gabor proposed a method called Distance Correlation (DC) to overcome PCC restrictions based on the limitations of PCC in capturing non-linear dependencies.…”