Exploration of metabolite profiles in the biofluids of dairy cows by proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis

Kim, Hyun Sang; Kim, Eun Tae; Eom, Jun Sik; Choi, Youyoung; Lee, Shin Ja; Lee, Sang-Suk; Chung, Chang Dae; Lee, Sung Sill

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246290

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In the present experiment, individual VFA concentrations in feces were not affected by treatment, although they were negatively associated with heat stress indicators, such as rectal temperatures and respiratory rates, suggesting a negative impact of heat stress on lower gut fermentation. However, in contrast to a previous report, butyrate and not propionate was the second predominant VFA after acetate [31]. The reason for this discrepancy is not clear.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Fecal Metabolites by Heat Stress and Diet, and Their Association with Inflammation and Leaky Gut Markers in Dairy Cows

Ruiz-González

Rico

2022

Metabolites

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The analysis of fecal metabolite profiles could provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying animal responses to environmental stressors and diet. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 14-day heat stress period and of dietary mineral and vitamin supplementation under heat stress on fecal metabolite profiles and to investigate their associations with physiological markers of heat stress, leaky gut, and inflammation in lactating dairy cows. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (42.2 ± 5.6 kg milk/d; 83.4 ± 27.1 DIM) were enrolled in an experiment in a split-plot design. The main plot was the level of dietary vitamin E and Se, as follows: (1) low (L-ESe; 20 IU/kg vitamin E, 0.3 ppm Se) or (2) high (H-ESe 200 IU/kg vitamin E, 1.2 ppm Se). Within each plot, six cows were randomly assigned to either (1) heat stress (HS; Total Humidity Index (THI): 82), (2) pair-feeding in thermoneutrality (TNPF; THI = 64), or (3) HS with vitamin D3 and Ca supplementation (HS+DCa; 1820 IU/kg and 1.5% Ca; THI: 82) in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 14-day periods and 7-day washouts. The concentrations of 94 metabolites were determined in fecal samples, including amino acids, fatty acids, biogenic amines, and vitamins. Relative to the L-ESe group, the H-ESe group increased α-tocopherol by threefold, whereas δ-tocopherol was decreased by 78% (PFDR < 0.01). Nevertheless, correlation analysis between α-tocopherol and all the others fecal metabolites or physiological heat stress measures did not show significant associations. No interactions between main plot and treatments were observed. Relative to TNPF, HS increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), milk somatic cell counts (SCC), respiratory rates, rectal temperatures, fecal tridecylic and myristic acids, vitamin B7, and retinol, whereas it decreased fecal amino acids such as histidine, methyl histidine, acetyl ornithine, and arginine (PFDR < 0.05). In contrast, HS+DCa increased fecal methyl histidine concentrations and reduced milk SCC, plasma TNF-α, and LBP, as well as rectal temperatures. Discriminant analysis revealed fecal histidine, taurine, acetyl ornithine, arginine, β-alanine, ornithine, butyric + iso-butyric acid, plasma non-esterified fatty acids, TNF-α, LBP, C-reactive protein, and milk SCC were predictive of HS. Several metabolites were predictive of HS+DCa, although only tryptophan was discriminant relative to HS. In conclusion, both heat stress and the supplementation of vitamin D3 and Ca can influence the fecal metabolome of dairy cows experiencing heat stress, independently of dietary levels of vitamin E and Se. Our results suggest that some fecal metabolites are well associated with physiological measures of heat stress and may thus provide insights into the gut-level changes taking place under heat stress in dairy cows.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Fecal Metabolites by Heat Stress and Diet, and Their Association with Inflammation and Leaky Gut Markers in Dairy Cows

Ruiz-González

Rico

2022

Metabolites

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“…We are currently using this approach to assess the effects of different postpartum dietary schemes on animal condition. In addition, the combined use of metabolomic data from serum, urine, and other biofluids to achieve higher specificity will be evaluated [47,62]. Work in this and related areas is underway, and our findings will be reported in due course.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Transition Period in Dairy Cows through 1H NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Radcenco

Adrien

Ruprechter

et al. 2021

Dairy

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The metabolic alterations associated with the increase in milk production make the transition period critical to the health of dairy cows, usually leading to a higher incidence of disease in periparturient animals. In this manuscript, we describe the use of NMR-based untargeted metabolomics to follow how these changes impact the serum metabolome in a group of 28 transition dairy cows with no initial clinical diseases. Principal component analysis (PCA) of serum 1H NMR data from four weeks before calving to 8 weeks after parturition allowed us to clearly identify four stages during the transition period. Pairwise comparisons using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and univariate data analysis led to the identification of 18 metabolites that varied significantly through these stages. Species such as acetate, betaine, and creatine are observed early after calving, while other markers of metabolic stress, including acetone, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and choline, accumulate significantly at the height of milk production. Furthermore, marked variations in the levels of lactate, allantoin, alanine, and other amino acids reveal the activation of different gluconeogenic pathways following parturition. Concomitant with a return to homeostasis, a gradual normalization of the serum metabolome occurs 8 weeks after calving. Correlations of metabolite levels with dietary and metabolic adaptations based on animal parity could also be identified. Overall, these results show that NMR-based chemometric methods are ideally suited to monitor manifestations of metabolic diseases throughout the transition period and to assess the impact of nutritional management schemes on the metabolism of dairy cows.

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“…So, the necessity of an alternate pregnancy diagnostic method in buffaloes before 21 days of postinsemination is still well-perceived and vividly justi ed the objective of the current study. NMR-based urinary metabolite pro ling has been depicted as one of the most basic, yet e cient technique to be extensively employed in biomarker discovery of diverse patho-physiological states across species [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In cattle, most notable change in maternal metabolite pro le was recorded around day 14-19 of implantation, when the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy took place with attachment of the lamentous blastocyst to the placental surface along with increased utero-placental blood ow with marked changes in the level of associated metabolites in blood and urine [27,28].…”

Section: Analysis Of Predictive Ability Of the Potential Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of urinary metabolite dynamicity for early detection of pregnancy in water buffaloes

Sarangi

Ghosh²,

Sangwan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Early and precise pregnancy diagnosis can reduce the calving interval by minimizing postpartum barren period. The present study explored the differential urinary metabolites between pregnant and non-pregnant Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during early gestation to identify potential pregnancy detection biomarkers. Urine samples were collected on day 0, 10, 18, 35 and 42 of gestation from the pregnant and on day 0, 10 and 18 post-insemination from the non-pregnant animals. 1H-NMR-based untargeted metabolomics followed by multivariate analysis initially identified twenty-four differentially expressed metabolites, among them 3-Hydroxykynurenine, Anthranilate, Tyrosine and 5-Hydroxytryptophan depicted consistent trends and matched the selection criteria of potential biomarkers. Predictive ability of these individual biomarkers through ROC curve analyses yielded AUC values 0.6-0.8. Subsequently, a logistic regression model was constructed using the most suitable metabolite combination to improve the diagnostic accuracy. The combination of Anthranilate, 3-Hydroxykynurenine, and Tyrosine yielded the best AUC value of 0.804. Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, Tryptophan metabolism, Phenylalanine and Tyrosine metabolism were identified as potential pathway modulations during early gestation. The identified biomarkers were either precursor or products of these metabolic pathways, thus justifying their relevance. The study facilitates precise non-invassive urinary metabolite-based pen-side early pregnancy diagnostics in buffaloes, eminently before 21 days post-insemination.

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Exploration of metabolite profiles in the biofluids of dairy cows by proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 60 publications

Modulation of Fecal Metabolites by Heat Stress and Diet, and Their Association with Inflammation and Leaky Gut Markers in Dairy Cows

Modulation of Fecal Metabolites by Heat Stress and Diet, and Their Association with Inflammation and Leaky Gut Markers in Dairy Cows

Monitoring the Transition Period in Dairy Cows through 1H NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Exploration of urinary metabolite dynamicity for early detection of pregnancy in water buffaloes

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