Exploration of Mechanisms Regulating Larval Survival in Lake Michigan Bloater: A Recruitment Analysis Based on Characteristics of Individual Larvae

Rice, James A.; Crowder, Larry B.; Holey, Mark E.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<703:eomrls>2.0.co;2

Cited by 154 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Stocked saugeye are beyond the critical endogenous-exogeneous feeding transition and beyond that time when larval diet, growth, and predatory vulnerability are so intimately related (Post and Prankevicius 1987, Rice et al 1987b, Miller et al 1988, Luecke et al 1990). Hence, even though oversummer survival only ranged from 0 to 11.7%, saugeye probably did not starve.…”

Section: Prey Density and Saugeye Survival: Size-independent Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Percid Stocking Success by Understanding Age-0 Piscivore-Prey Interactions in Reservoirs

Donovan¹,

Stein²,

White³

1997

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Though young-of-year (YOY) saugeyes (Stizostedion vitreum ϫ S. canadense) are routinely stocked in spring to create and maintain percid fisheries, their growth and survival to fall vary greatly among Ohio reservoirs, as well as among years within a reservoir. To understand the relative importance of size-dependent and size-independent mechanisms during ontogeny that underlie variable stocking success of saugeye, we quantified the role of stocking date and prey density (zooplankton and ichthyoplankton, i.e., larval gizzard shad [Dorosoma cepedianum]) in field enclosure, pond, and reservoir experiments. In 1-m 3 enclosures, ichthyoplankton density (0, 5, 10, or 20 larval gizzard shad/ m 3 ) did not influence time to switch to piscivory by saugeye (all switched in Ͻ12 h); saugeye in enclosures with ichthyoplankton, regardless of density, grew faster than those without ichthyoplankton. In 0.4-ha ponds, saugeye growth and survival did not differ between ponds with zooplankton plus macrobenthic prey and ponds with those prey plus small ichthyoplankton (Ͻ10 mm).In reservoir experiments, we evaluated how time in reservoirs, zooplankton density, and peak density (as well as date) of ichthyoplankton influenced saugeye growth and survival during 1991-1994 (N ϭ 31 reservoir-years). In 1993, we attempted to bracket the ichthyoplankton peak in five Ohio reservoirs by stocking two genetically identifiable cohorts of saugeye 2 wk apart in spring. For all reservoirs, those saugeye stocked before the ichthyoplankton peak grew larger than those stocked after the ichthyoplankton peak by 1 October. In 1994, we hypothesized that saugeye might overexploit local populations of ichthyoplankton when stocked at a single site. We paired 10 reservoirs (N ϭ 5 pairs) with one reservoir of each pair scatter-stocked (i.e., saugeye numbers equally divided among five sites) and the second point stocked (i.e., at a single site). Stocking method did not influence saugeye survival; late gizzard shad spawning, coupled with low larval densities, yielded poor saugeye survival in 1994. However, YOY saugeye were considerably larger in fall 1994 than in fall 1993, when gizzard shad appeared earlier and produced more larvae. Zooplankton density at stocking influenced neither growth nor survival. Increased time in reservoirs increased fall size but did not influence survival. Although saugeye growth and survival during their first year were unrelated, both measures of stocking success critically depended on gizzard shad availability. Across all years, saugeyes stocked before ichthyoplankton peaks were large (as a result of their ability to consume fast-growing gizzard shad through summer), but survived poorly to fall (perhaps owing to early, high predatory mortality). Conversely, saugeyes stocked after ichthyoplankton peaks were small in fall (for they were unable to exploit large gizzard shad) but survived better (perhaps because gizzard shad provided a predatory buffer). By manipulating stock date relative to ichthyoplankton peaks, fisheries man...

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Section: Prey Density and Saugeye Survival: Size-independent Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Percid Stocking Success by Understanding Age-0 Piscivore-Prey Interactions in Reservoirs

Donovan¹,

Stein²,

White³

1997

Ecological Applications

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“…The specific values of the parameters used for the comparison were based on growth and mortality for the bloater, Coregonus hoyi (Rice et al 1987). These values are given in table 1.…”

Section: Comparisons Between Partial Differential Equation Solutions mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Cohort Dynamics: Application of Complementary Modeling Approaches

Jiang¹,

Rose

Crowder

et al. 1993

The American Naturalist

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Abstract.The recruitment to the adult stock of a fish population is a function of both environmental conditions and the dynamics of juvenile fish cohorts. These dynamics can be quite complicated and involve the size structure of the cohort. Two types of models, i-state distribution models (e.g., partial differential equations) and i-state configuration models (computer simulation models following many individuals simultaneously), have been developed to study this type of question. However, these two model types have not to our knowledge previously been compared in detail. Analytical solutions are obtained for three partial differential equation models of early life-history fish cohorts. Equivalent individual-by-individual computer simulation models are also used. These two approaches can produce similar results, which suggests that one may be able to use the approaches interchangeably under many circumstances. Simple uncorrected stochasticity in daily growth is added to the individual-by-individual models, and it is shown that this produces no significant difference from purely deterministic situations. However, when the stochasticity was temporally correlated such that a fish growing faster than the mean 1 d has a tendency to grow faster than the mean the next day, there can be great differences in the outcomes of the simulations.The great majority of models of ecological populations describe populations as homogeneous collections of organisms. However, to an increasing degree, ecologists have become aware that the internal age and size structures of populations can have a decisive influence on the population dynamics (Ebenman and Persson 1988). Size structure may be particularly important in populations in which growth is fairly plastic and feeding and vulnerability to predation depend on size. The first factor, plasticity in growth, leads to the potential for a wide spectrum of organism sizes in the population, even within cohorts of individuals of the same age. The second factor, size dependence of feeding and vulnerability, means that members of an age-class cohort that have different sizes will have different probabilities of success in surviving and reproducing.These factors affect the dynamics of a population cohort and thus have many ramifications, both theoretical and practical, in ecology. On the theoretical side, there are questions of appropriate parental strategies (e.g., size of eggs, early parental care) and individual growth strategies in the face of environments with various size-dependent food availabilities and risks of predation. On the practical side, the recruitment of juvenile fish to the adult classes in commercial fish species is extremely important but is not well understood. It is quite possible

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“…Recent reports on the relationship between daily somatic growth and incremental growth of otoliths support the use of increment widths as a measure of daily somatic growth (Secor and Dean, 1989;Hovenkamp, 1989Hovenkamp, , 1990Moksness and Fossum, 1991). These microstructural studies of fish otoliths may provide a record of environmental and physiological condition through the larval and juvenile stages and hence important information about processes regulating recruitment in fish (Pannella, 1980;Rice et al, 1987;Moksness, 1992;Fossum and Moksness, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Age validation studies of larval and juvenile fishes have shown that otolith microstructure is influenced by nutrition and environmental variables and is species-specific, and that periods of stress (like food withdrawal) or cyclic environmental variables may result in apparent non-daily formation (Campana and Nielson, 1985;Neilson and Geen, 1985;Rice et al 1985Rice et al , 1987. Therefore, validation studies are necessary before analysis of otolith microstructure can be used in the field for Brazilian sardine.…”

Section: Otolith Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval condition and growth of <i>Sardinella brasiliensis </i> (Steindachner, 1879): preliminary results from laboratory studies

et al. 2003

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SUMMARY: Brazilian sardine, the most important resource along the southeastern Brazilian coast, presented great variations and declines in its stocks. The main factors contributing to this are: oceanographic structure changes; recruitment failures; excessive catches of juveniles and increase in fishery effort. In spite of this, no alterations in the density-dependent parameters were detected. Consequently, methods analysing the condition of the larvae coupled with methods determining growth using sagittae otolith increment width were applied to evaluate growth under experimental conditions. The results of the readings on the sagittae were compared with the age of the laboratory-reared sardine larvae and confirmed that increments are formed on a daily basis. Under poor feeding conditions, sardine larvae showed a low growth expressed by dry weight, RNA/DNA ratio and tryptic enzyme activity and by the narrow and low contrast increments in the otoliths. The results of the biochemical indices showed an unexpected decline in the feeding group coupled with a decrease in width of increment numbers 8 and 10. Other factors than food availability were affecting the condition of the larvae and might be indicative of physiological processes and ontogenetic changes occurring in sardine larvae.Key words: Brazilian sardine larvae, larval condition and growth, RNA/DNA ratio, tryptic enzyme activity, otolith microstructure.RESUMEN: CONDICIÓN LARVARIA Y CRECIMIENTO DE SARDINELLA BRASILIENSIS (STEINDACHNER, 1879): RESULTADOS PRELIMI-NARES A PARTIR DE ESTUDIOS DE LABORATORIO. -La sardinela brasileña, el recurso más importante en la costa sudeste del Brasil, presentó grandes variaciones y disminuciones en sus poblaciones. Los principales factores que contribuyeron a dicha situación fueron: los cambios en la estructura oceanográfica, los fallos en el reclutamiento, las capturas excesivas de juveniles y el aumento del esfuerzo pesquero. A pesar de ello, no se detectaron alteraciones en los parámetros denso-dependientes de la población. Consecuentemente, se aplicaron métodos de análisis de condición larvaria junto a métodos de determinación del crecimiento mediante la anchura de los incrementos de los otolitos sagitta para evaluar el crecimiento bajo condiciones experimentales. Los resultados de las lecturas de los sagitta se compararon con la edad de las larvas de sardinela cultivadas en el laboratorio y confirmaron que los incrementos se forman diariamente. Las larvas de sardinela sometidas a bajos niveles de alimentación mostraron un bajo crecimiento expresado en peso seco, relación RNA/DNA y actividad de la tripsina, y un bajo contraste de los incrementos en los otolitos. Los resultados de los índices bioquímicos mostraron un inesperado descenso en el grupo de larvas alimentadas, acompañado de una disminución en la anchura de los incrementos 8 y 10. Además de la disponibilidad de alimento, otros factores afectaron a la condición de las larvas y podrían indicar procesos fisiológicos o cambios ontogenéticos que tienen lugar en el desa...

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Exploration of Mechanisms Regulating Larval Survival in Lake Michigan Bloater: A Recruitment Analysis Based on Characteristics of Individual Larvae

Cited by 154 publications

References 25 publications

Enhancing Percid Stocking Success by Understanding Age-0 Piscivore-Prey Interactions in Reservoirs

Enhancing Percid Stocking Success by Understanding Age-0 Piscivore-Prey Interactions in Reservoirs

Fish Cohort Dynamics: Application of Complementary Modeling Approaches

Larval condition and growth of <i>Sardinella brasiliensis </i> (Steindachner, 1879): preliminary results from laboratory studies

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