Exploration of anti-breast cancer effects of Terminalia chebula extract on DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in Sprague Dawley rats

Abstract

Background Plant extracts are effectively acting as the natural medicinal cocktail, non-side effective, efficacious, and freely available. The present study aimed to unveil the pharmacological and medicinal effects of Terminalia chebula plant extract in 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in Sprague Dawley rats. The plant extract obtained was subjected to in vivo antioxidant and anticancer studies in various concentrations after an analytical technique such as FTIR, GCMS, and HPLC-based chemo-profiling in Sprague Dawley rats. Results Apart from the antiproliferative effect on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10a), we have measured the changes in body weight, along with other tumor parameters such as tumor volume, tumor incidence, tumor weight, tumor burden, serum biochemical parameters, and histopathological findings of breast tissue. As the oxidative stress further enhances the development of cancer, the antioxidant property of the plant extract demonstrates its use against cancer treatment. One hundred fifty milligrams per milliliter (IC50 250 μg/mL) concentration of the ethanolic extract was vital for the proliferation of MCF-7 cell lines (Fig. 7a). Meanwhile, 300 μg/mL (IC50 150 μg/mL) was an effective dose to attain a maximum HDAC inhibition of 78%. Also, the normal liver and kidney functioning revealed the non-toxicity nature of the plant. Conclusion Terminalia chebula could be one of the effective naturally obtained anti-breast cancer medications. Isolation and characterization of individual bioactive compounds of T. chebula would be the future perspective.

Anticancer Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction and Ethanol Leaf Extract of Olax subscorpioidea against DMBA-Induced Female Rats

“…27 The activity of ALP has various effects on liver cell functions, including membrane permeability, metabolite transport, protein synthesis, and glycogen metabolism. 29 The AST, ALT, and ALP activity in the normal control group was significantly lower compared to the DMBA control group as shown in Table 2. The OSEA and OSE treatments showed a reduction in AST, ALT, and ALP levels, indicating the stabilisation of the plasma membrane.…”

“…Rats with induced tumours exhibited elevated levels of AST, ALT, and ALP. 29 There may be an increase in ALT, ALP, and AST levels if liver cytoplasm enters the bloodstream, indicating potential tissue damage. 27 The activity of ALP has various effects on liver cell functions, including membrane permeability, metabolite transport, protein synthesis, and glycogen metabolism.…”

Current Medical Applications of Terminalia Chebula: An Overview

“…The changes in body weight, along with other tumor parameters such as tumor incidence, tumor volume, serum biochemical parameters, histopathological findings of breast tissue, tumor burden, and tumor weight were measured. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was related to its use against cancer treatment (Henry et al, 2020). Ethanolic extract of T. chebula displayed cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells.…”

Cell cycle arrest and apoptotic studies of Terminalia chebula against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line: an in vitro and in silico approach

“…Carcinomas predominantly affect organs such as the lungs, breasts, skin, glands, and pancreas. The treatment of cancer involves various approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy ( 3 ). However, these treatments have certain limitations, including high costs, physical and mental side effects, frequent hospital visits, and avoidable complications.…”

“…In India, breast cancer is the second most common cancer after cervical cancer, contributing to 19% of the total cancer burden in women ( 7 ). Approximately 80,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer, and 40,000 lose their lives to the disease annually in India ( 3 ).…”