Exploration of a ternary deep eutectic solvent for the efficient extraction of plantamajoside, acteoside, quercetin and kaempferol from Plantago asiatica L.

Abstract

Introduction In the present study, ternary deep eutectic solvent‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction was developed for the efficient extraction of plantamajoside, acteoside, quercetin and kaempferol from Plantago asiatica L. Methodology Six kinds of choline chloride‐based ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) were prepared as potential extraction solutions. In order to obtain optimal extraction efficiency, a series of extraction conditions were investigated by single‐factor test and orthogonal test. Results The extraction efficiency of choline chloride/lactic acid/ethylene glycol (ChCl‐LA‐EG) was much higher than that of other TDESs. ChCl‐LA‐EG‐11 synthesised with choline chloride, lactic acid and ethylene glycol (1:4:2) was considered to have a higher extraction efficiency. The optimal ultrasound‐assisted extraction conditions were as follows: water content in ChCl‐LA‐EG‐11, 50%; extraction temperature, 70°C; ratio of solid/liquid, 20 mg/mL; ultrasonic power, 60 W; extraction time, 35 min; pH of the solution, 8. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the extraction efficiencies of plantamajoside, acteoside, quercetin and kaempferol were 3.83 ± 0.41, 4.23 ± 0.45, 0.56 ± 0.15 and 0.19 ± 0.08 mg/g, respectively. The extraction efficiency of the total target components was 9.21 ± 0.63 mg/g, which was much higher than that of conventional solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, 50% methanol, 50% ethanol). The target components were isolated efficiently from the TDES solution by an AB‐8 macroporous resin column with a recovery rate of 95.6%. Conclusion This study demonstrated that TDESs possessed excellent physical and chemical properties and had enormous potential for active component extraction of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

The Most Potent Natural Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Food Ingredients Isolated from Plants with Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…An overview of the newest findings in the extraction of these valuable compounds from different types of plant materials using DESs is presented in Table . Several factors (the molar ratio of the HBD and HBA in DES, the method of extraction, the temperature, water addition, and the time of extraction) influencing the efficiency of the process are included. − …”

“…However, there is a growing trend to modify DESs and their properties. Many researchers focus on hydrophobic DESs, which have a great potential for the extraction of less polar compounds, e.g., carotenoids, sulforaphane, and ginkgolic acids. ,, The other tendency is to prepare ternary DESs and NADESs, composed usually of choline chloride, diol or polyalcohol, and acid, e.g., choline chloride/lactic acid/ethylene glycol or choline chloride/butanediol/citric acid, where the acidity can be tuned by using different amounts of acids. , In addition, the development of switchable systems is receiving more attention. With the use of such a system, an efficient and selective separation of compounds with different polarities is possible.…”

“…The amount of added water should be thoroughly examined, in order to maintain the properties of DESs. According to the literature, usually addition of up to 30% of water is safe, but there are also publications where even 50% of water was used, especially in ternary systems . Another issue is an efficient separation of the extracted compounds from the solvents, which is crucial in the application of extracts in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, or foods.…”

“…240,293,294 The other tendency is to prepare ternary DESs and NADESs, composed usually of choline chloride, diol or polyalcohol, and acid, e.g., choline chloride/lactic acid/ ethylene glycol or choline chloride/butanediol/citric acid, where the acidity can be tuned by using different amounts of acids. 95,98 In addition, the development of switchable systems is receiving more attention. With the use of such a system, an efficient and selective separation of compounds with different polarities is possible.…”

Efficient Extraction and Purification of Isofraxidin from Acanthopanax Senticosus by DES

“…DESs are excellent for electrochemical and phytochemical extraction and have good medicinal qualities. With high extraction rates for flavonoids, lignin, and phenolic glycosides, DESs have demonstrated tremendous potential for the extraction and recovery of phytochemical residents that are activating [15]. To extract polyphenols, vanillin, and flavonoids, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES) were developed in accordance with this principle.…”