Exploration of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIPs) as an Adsorbent for the Enrichment of Trenbolone in Water

Mpupa, Anele; Dinc, Mehmet; Mizaikoff, Boris; Nomngongo, Philiswa N.

doi:10.3390/pr9020186

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, a sample clean-up and preconcentration step is needed before chromatographic analysis. The sample preparation step includes the elimination of interferences, isolating analytes from the sample matrix, and preconcentrating analytes to concentrations greater than the instrument's detection limits [20,21]. Among various sample preparation methods reported in the literature, dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) has gained great attention as an alternative to traditional solid phase extraction methods due to the advantages such as short extraction time, simplicity, low solvent usage, and allowing more samples to be analysed at a time [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UiO-66@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite as an adsorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction of metformin in surface water and wastewater

Sekopelo,

Munonde,

Nqombolo

et al. 2024

Nano Ex.

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Metformin, an anti-hypoglycemic medication, has been used for decades due to its efficiency and is the most consumed pharmaceutical drug worldwide. Consequently, monitoring its concentration in environmental water is important due to its suspected effect on human health and aquatic life. This study reported the extraction, preconcentration, separation and determination of metformin (MET) in waters. Dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) using UiO-66@Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a sorbent was used to extract and preconcentrate MET. The high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) achieved the separation and quantification of MET in the samples. Experiemental design was used to optimise influential variables in the extraction and preconcentration of MET. The linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for MET were 0.5-100 µg/L (R2 = 0.9987), 0.16 µg/L and 0.53 µg/L, respectively. The intraday (n = 10 same-day replicates) and interday (n = 5 consecutive days) precisions reported as relative standard deviations (RSD %) were less than 5%. The accuracy of the method expressed as percentage recovery (%R) ranged from 84 to 112%. The method was applied to extract and preconcentrate MET in wastewater and river water samples. The MET was detected in greater concentrations in wastewater than in river water samples. The validation based on specificity, trueness, linearity, precision, and application to the analysis of MET in real samples showed that the combination of dSPE and HPLC-DAD methods is applicable for MET monitoring in surface water and wastewater. Furthermore, the dSPE/HPLC-DAD method was rapid, simple and suitable for estimating the concentrations of MET in South African surface water and wastewater for the first time. Lastly, the environmental risk caused by the occurrence of MET in surface water was investigated in terms of hazard quotient (HQ). The HQ values were less than unity, suggesting a low possibility risk for the aquatic organisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UiO-66@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite as an adsorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction of metformin in surface water and wastewater

Sekopelo,

Munonde,

Nqombolo

et al. 2024

Nano Ex.

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“…Optimising the extraction of template molecules from molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) remains a challenging task because variations in pH, sorbent mass, and elution flow rate can affect the adsorption capacity and recovery during the desorption phase [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Therefore, it is crucial to control these influential variables to ensure optimal process efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a New Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Optimisation of Phenylglyoxylic Acid Extraction from Human Urine Samples Using a Central Composite Design within the Response Surface Methodology

Qronfla,

Jamoussi,

Chakroun

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Styrene, a chemical widely used in various industries, undergoes metabolic breakdown in the human body, resulting in the production of phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA). A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesised for selective extraction and enrichment of PGA in urine samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography. The MIP employed in this research was a 4-vinylpyridine molecularly imprinted polymer (4-VPMIP) prepared via mass polymerisation using a noncovalent method. The structural and morphological characteristics of the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The efficiency of the molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) process was optimised by investigating critical variables such as sample pH, sorbent mass, sample flow rate, and volume of the elution solvent. A central composite design (CCD) within the response surface methodology was utilised to develop separate models for the adsorption and desorption steps. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the excellent fit of the experimental data to the proposed response models. Under the optimised conditions, the molecularly imprinted polymers exhibited a higher degree of selectivity and affinity for PGA, with a relative selectivity coefficient (α) of 2.79 against hippuric acid. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for PGA were determined to be 0.5 mg/L and 1.6 mg/L, respectively. The recoveries of PGA ranged from 97.32% to 99.06%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 4.6%. Furthermore, MIP(4VP)SPE demonstrated the potential for recycling up to three times without significant loss in analyte recovery.

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“…MIPs have been confirmed to be suitable for the binding, specific recognition, and isolation of chemically active target molecules. Generally, MIPs can be synthesized by the polymerization of a functional monomer‐target molecule with a cross‐linker agent and initiator [20] . The functional monomers could provide the functional groups and form a complex with the target molecule by covalent or non‐covalent interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of pH‐Sensitive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer via Dual‐Monomer for Selective Solid‐Phase Extraction of Ribavirin from Human Urine and Pharmaceutical Samples

2022

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The specific molecularly imprinted polymer for ribavirin was fabricated by using 3‐allyloxy‐1, 2‐propanediol and acrylic acid as the functional monomers, divinylbenzene and N, N’‐methylenebisacrylamide as the cross‐linkers, and azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with an energy dispersive X‐ray analyzer, and thermogravimetric analysis. Several factors affecting the extraction of ribavirin, such as pH, contact time, and temperature were also investigated. The molecularly imprinted polymer indicated high sorption capacity (3.1 mg g−1) for ribavirin, and the adsorption equilibrium was established after 15 min. The adsorption isotherm results could be well described with the Freundlich isotherm model. The linear range was 0.5–80 mg L−1, and recoveries ranging from 93 % to 102 % were achieved. The detection limit of ribavirin was identical at 0.82 μg L−1, and the relative standard deviation was 0.265 %. It was successfully used for ribavirin analysis in human urine and pharmaceutical samples.

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Exploration of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIPs) as an Adsorbent for the Enrichment of Trenbolone in Water

Cited by 9 publications

References 69 publications

UiO-66@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite as an adsorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction of metformin in surface water and wastewater

UiO-66@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite as an adsorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction of metformin in surface water and wastewater

Synthesis of a New Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Optimisation of Phenylglyoxylic Acid Extraction from Human Urine Samples Using a Central Composite Design within the Response Surface Methodology

Preparation of pH‐Sensitive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer via Dual‐Monomer for Selective Solid‐Phase Extraction of Ribavirin from Human Urine and Pharmaceutical Samples

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Exploration of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIPs) as an Adsorbent for the Enrichment of Trenbolone in Water

Cited by 9 publications

References 69 publications

UiO-66@Fe3O4 nanocomposite as an adsorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction of metformin in surface water and wastewater

UiO-66@Fe3O4 nanocomposite as an adsorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction of metformin in surface water and wastewater

Synthesis of a New Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Optimisation of Phenylglyoxylic Acid Extraction from Human Urine Samples Using a Central Composite Design within the Response Surface Methodology

Preparation of pH‐Sensitive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer via Dual‐Monomer for Selective Solid‐Phase Extraction of Ribavirin from Human Urine and Pharmaceutical Samples

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UiO-66@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite as an adsorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction of metformin in surface water and wastewater

UiO-66@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite as an adsorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction of metformin in surface water and wastewater