Exploiting the IR Transparency of Graphene for Fast Pyroelectric Infrared Detection

Kulkarni, Eeshan Sandeep; Heussler, S. P.; Stier, Andreas V.; Martin-Fernandez, Iñigo; Andersen, Henrik L.; Toh, Chee-Tat; Özyilmaz, Barbaros

doi:10.1002/adom.201400374

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…1 , this T resolution translates into a noise equivalent power (NEP) ∼5 × 10 −7 W Hz −1/2 at 1 Hz (NEP=( S I I −2 ) 1/2 R phN −1 ), almost one order of magnitude better than that in ref. 44 . The associated detectivity at 1 Hz is ∼6 × 10 4 Jones ( D *= A 1/2 NEP −1 , where A is the area of the pixel), which is promising, considering the limitations in terms of thermal conductivity and mass 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based mid-infrared room-temperature pyroelectric bolometers with ultrahigh temperature coefficient of resistance

et al. 2017

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There is a growing number of applications demanding highly sensitive photodetectors in the mid-infrared. Thermal photodetectors, such as bolometers, have emerged as the technology of choice, because they do not need cooling. The performance of a bolometer is linked to its temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR, ∼2–4% K−1 for state-of-the-art materials). Graphene is ideally suited for optoelectronic applications, with a variety of reported photodetectors ranging from visible to THz frequencies. For the mid-infrared, graphene-based detectors with TCRs ∼4–11% K−1 have been demonstrated. Here we present an uncooled, mid-infrared photodetector, where the pyroelectric response of a LiNbO3 crystal is transduced with high gain (up to 200) into resistivity modulation for graphene. This is achieved by fabricating a floating metallic structure that concentrates the pyroelectric charge on the top-gate capacitor of the graphene channel, leading to TCRs up to 900% K−1, and the ability to resolve temperature variations down to 15 μK.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based mid-infrared room-temperature pyroelectric bolometers with ultrahigh temperature coefficient of resistance

et al. 2017

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“…Monolayer graphene has been explored to enrich the mid‐infrared plasmonic sensing performance due to the remarkable flexibility and feasibility offered by the unique monoatom structure . The significance of monolayer graphene also refers to the sensitivity in detection and the controllability by the means of electrostatic doping, chemical doping, thermoelectric, magnetic, optical mechanism, etc . For instance, graphene plasmon enhanced vibrational carbonyl resonance in PMMA thin film is experimentally revealed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Tunable Plasmon–Phonon Coupling in Mid‐IR Complementary Metamaterial

Chen

Hasan

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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concentration monitoring. [1] In order to improve sensing accuracy, the engineered photon-electron oscillation resonant along the interface or confined in the subwavelength metamaterial can be utilized. [2] This collective electromagnetic oscillating behavior known as plasmonic resonance is able to express the unique optical features under different conditions. Among the various types of plasmonic resonances, Fano resonance is characterized by the sharp asymmetric line shape, created by the interference of a narrow discrete state (black or subradiant mode) with the broadband continuum state (bright or super-radiant mode) and is favorable for constructing slow light or nonlinear optical platform to launch the high-Q enhanced applications, such as biochemical sensing. [3][4][5][6] The most popular approach to the excitation of Fano resonance in the mid-infrared frequency range is to break the symmetry of metamaterial geometry. [7][8][9] There are other methods including the multistacking of thin metal and dielectric layers [10] and making use of material intrinsic damping as the subradiant mode. [11][12][13] For example, with the mid-infrared vibrational absorption resonance (phonon band) of silicon dioxide as the dark mode, the strong Fano coupling between the SiO 2 thin film and metamaterial split ring resonator (SRR) is observed such that it leads to mode splitting featured as frequency anticrossing. [13] In the asymmetric SRR metamaterial, polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) produced Fano resonance is enhanced as well. [14] The Fano resonance from metamaterial plasmon coupled with the phonon vibration of PMMA is varied through changing metamaterial geometry. [11,15] Moreover, the realization of the ultrasensitive detection of polymer molecule is obtained through matching the polymer phonon resonance with the Fano resonance of periodic nanostructures. [16] The alteration of Fano resonance can be achieved by the individual or simultaneous control of dark and bright resonance. The aforementioned geometry variation of subwavelength metamaterial can be used to shift the broad bright mode resonance. The alternative approaches such as mechanical stress, [17] liquid crystal, [18] micro electromechanical system technology [19] are exploited to either modify the optical properties of the surrounding material or actively reconfigure the structure. Recently, the dynamic manipulation of Fano resonance by graphene electrostatic tuning has been demonstrated by some groups. [20,21] Metamaterial-based plasmonics has become an overwhelming research field due to its enormous potential and versatility in molecular sensing, imaging, and nonlinear optics. This work presents a new tunable plasmonic platform on which the metamaterial resonance is coupled with infrared vibrational bond in the presence of graphene electrostatic modulation. The maximum electric field enhancement factor induced by mode coupling is 14 and the quality factor (Q-factor) of phonon mode is increased approximately by fourfold. The graphene electrostatic modulation b...

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“…Thanks to the state-of-the-art fabrication techniques such as electron-beam lithography (EBL) and focused ion-beam (FIB) milling, as well as commercially available numerical design tools like finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), the design and fabrication of metallic nanostructures for infrared range now become very effective. Metallic nanostructures with different configurations and metals can be used to integrate with traditional detection structures such as heterojunction structure [12][13][14][15][16][17] , Schottky diode 18 , quantum structures 19 , and thermal detector 20 . Combined with these structures, the photoresponse of those detectors can be significantly improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface plasmon enhanced infrared photodetection

Tong

Suo

et al. 2019

Opto-Electronic Advances

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Infrared photodetectors have been used extensively in biomedicine, surveillance, communication and astronomy. However, state of the art technology based on III-V and II-VI compounds still lacks excellent performance for high-temperature operation. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have demonstrated their capability in improving the light detection from visible to infrared wave range due to their light confinement in subwavelength scale. Advanced fabrication techniques such as electron-beam lithography (EBL) and focused ion-beam (FIB), and commercially available numerical design tool like Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) have enabled rapid development of surface plasmon (SP) enhanced photodetectors. In this review article, the basic mechanisms behind the SP-enhanced photodetection, the different type of plasmonic nanostructures utilized for enhancement, and the reported SP-enhanced infrared photodetectors will be discussed.

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Exploiting the IR Transparency of Graphene for Fast Pyroelectric Infrared Detection

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Graphene-based mid-infrared room-temperature pyroelectric bolometers with ultrahigh temperature coefficient of resistance

Graphene-based mid-infrared room-temperature pyroelectric bolometers with ultrahigh temperature coefficient of resistance

Graphene Tunable Plasmon–Phonon Coupling in Mid‐IR Complementary Metamaterial

Surface plasmon enhanced infrared photodetection

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