“…Compared with traditional monitoring systems based on measuring point sensors, such as accelerometers, robotic total stations, etc., the application of the image-based monitoring system to estimate the service state of bridge structures has advantages such as holography, convenience, and economy [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Access devices for digital images usually include digital cameras [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], UAV cameras [ 10 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], industrial cameras [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], mobile phones [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], etc. Many researchers [ 34 , 35 , 36 ] have achieved success in using image processing techniques to detect cracks in concrete surfaces.…”