Exploiting IEEE802.11n MIMO Technology for Cost-Effective Broadband Back-Hauling

Rademacher, Michael; Kretschmer, Mathias; Jonas, Karl

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08368-1_1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Channel bonding is a promising technique to multiply the link throughput in WiLD networks using modern WiFi standards such as IEEE802.11ac (40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz) [13]. We extended the previous evaluation of vacant channels to search for the maximum number of joint-vacant channels.…”

Section: A Location and Free Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the spectrum occupancy in an outdoor 5 GHz WiFi network with directional antennas

Rademacher

Jonas

Kretschmer

2018

2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)

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WiFi-based Long Distance networks are seen as a promising alternative for bringing broadband connectivity to rural areas. A key factor for the profitability of these networks is using license free bands. This work quantifies the current spectrum occupancy in our testbed, which covers rural and urban areas alike. The data mining is conducted on the same WiFi card and in parallel with an operational network. The presented evaluations reveal tendencies for various aspects: occupancy compared to population density, occupancy fluctuations, (joint)vacant channels, the mean channel vacant duration, different approaches to model/forecast occupancy, and correlations among related interfaces.

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Section: A Location and Free Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the spectrum occupancy in an outdoor 5 GHz WiFi network with directional antennas

Rademacher

Jonas

Kretschmer

2018

2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)

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“…The latest version (v.4) comes with a built-in solar charger and a battery aiming to provide 24/7/365 operation with a solar panel of about 100 W. The average power consumed is said to be 10 W and a maximum of 16 W to cover signal back-off. 2 Indeed, Rademacher et al (2013) claimed that it can achieve a 200 Mbps one-way data rate over 10 km with this average power using a dish antenna with 24-30 dBi gain (depending on carrier frequency).…”

Section: Microwave Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Terrestrial Backhaul for 6G Remote Access: Challenges and Low Power Solutions

et al. 2021

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Despite developments in communication systems over the last few decades, a digital divide exists in the unconnected part of the world. The latter is characterized by large distances to internet access points, underdeveloped infrastructure, sparse populations, and low incomes. This concern of digital divide is raised in the sixth generation’s (6G) initial vision as an extremely important topic. However, it is important to understand affiliated challenges and potential solutions to achieve this vision. Motivated by the recent backhaul link forecasts that expect a dominance of the microwave technology within the backhauling market, this paper studies the potential of a low-power terrestrial microwave backhaul from the sufficient-data-rate and solar powering perspective. Competing technologies (e.g., fiber) may not be energy efficient and commercially viable for global connectivity. Since rural and remote areas may not have grid power, we look at the viability of alternative sustainable sources, in particular solar power, to power the wireless backhaul in 6G. In addition, we also explore services for the operators and users to use the system efficiently. Since the access points are connected to backhaul, we also compare the two prominent solutions based on low-power small-radius cells and a mega-cell that covers a large area and show insights on the power autonomy of the systems. In the end, we propose directions for research and deployment for an inclusive connectivity as a part of future 6G networks.

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“…This metric is known as Median Multiplexing Factor (MMF). Rademacher et al [32] showed that the usage of a cross polarized antenna produces a very cost-effective solution for increasing throughput by approximately 100% without changing other QoS parameters like latency. Bandwidth enhancement has the same effect but it suffers from interferences from adjacent links within the frequency spectrum.…”

Section: A Impact Of Ofdm-mimomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table VII -Table IX in the appendix highlight these works. MIMO helps to improve TCP/UDP throughput of HT-WLANs and its performance is analyzed in several literature [28]- [32]. OFDM-UWB has a lot of advantages because of its low power consumption and large bandwidth.…”

Section: A Impact Of Ofdm-mimomentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of IEEE 802.11n/ac PHY/MAC High Throughput Enhancements on Transport and Application Protocols—A Survey

Karmakar

Chattopadhyay

Chakraborty

2017

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Since the inception of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) in the year 1997, it has tremendously grown in the last few years. IEEE 802.11 is popularly known as WLAN. To provide the last mile wireless broadband connectivity to users, IEEE 802.11 is enriched with IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g. More recently, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac and IEEE 802.11ad are introduced with enhancements to the physical (PHY) layer and medium access control (MAC) sublayer to provide much higher data rates and thus these amendments are called High Throughput WLANs (HT-WLANs). In IEEE 802.11n, the data rate has increased up to 600 Mbps, whereas IEEE 802.11ac/ad is expected to support a maximum throughput of 1 to 7 Gbps over wireless media. For both standards, PHY is enhanced with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies, channel bonding, short guard intervals (SGI), enhanced modulation and coding schemes (MCS). At the same time, MAC layer overhead is reduced by introducing frame aggregation and block acknowledgement technologies. However, existing studies reveal that although PHY and MAC enhancements promise to improve physical data rate significantly, they yield negative impact over upper layer protocols -mainly for reliable end-to-end transport/application layer protocols. As a consequence, a large number of schools have focused researches on HT-WLANs to improve the coordination among PHY/MAC and upper layer protocols and thus, boost up the performance benefit. In this survey, we discuss the impact of enhancements of PHY/MAC layer in HT-WLANs over transport/application layer protocols. Several measures have been reported in the literature that boost up data rate of WLANs and use aforesaid enhancements effectively for performance benefit of end-to-end protocols. We also point out limitations of existing researches and list down different open challenges that can be explored for the development of next generation HT-WLAN technologies.

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Exploiting IEEE802.11n MIMO Technology for Cost-Effective Broadband Back-Hauling

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Quantifying the spectrum occupancy in an outdoor 5 GHz WiFi network with directional antennas

Quantifying the spectrum occupancy in an outdoor 5 GHz WiFi network with directional antennas

Wireless Terrestrial Backhaul for 6G Remote Access: Challenges and Low Power Solutions

Impact of IEEE 802.11n/ac PHY/MAC High Throughput Enhancements on Transport and Application Protocols—A Survey

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