Exploiting Fruit Waste Grape Pomace for Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis, Assessing Their Antioxidant, Antidiabetic Potential and Antibacterial Activity Against Human Pathogens: A Novel Approach

Abstract

Grape pomace, a most abundant and renewable wine industry waste product was utilized as a suitable reducing, capping, and stabilizing biomolecules for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The physicochemical properties of biosynthesized grape pomace extract (GPE)-AgNPs were duly appraised via UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy. The analytical studies revealed that the GPE-AgNPs were well formed and stable in nature. The functional groups of organic molecules of GPE are present on the surface of AgNPs with average NPs diameter in the range of 20–35 nm. GPE-AgNPs exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity mainly DPPH radical (IC50, 50.0 ± 2.25 μg/mL) and ABTS radical (IC50, 38.46 ± 1.14 μg/mL). Additionally, the synthesized AgNPs showed noticeable inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes mainly, α-amylase (IC50, 60.2 ± 2.15 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50, 62.5 ± 2.75 μg/mL). The GPE fabricated AgNPs showed noteworthy antibacterial potential against infectious bacteria viz., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The reaction mechanism of antibacterial activity was studied by measuring the bacterial cell membrane breakage and cytoplasmic contents, mainly, nucleic acid, proteins, and reducing sugar. Therefore, this research attempt illustrated the potential of GPE as a novel source intended for the biosynthesis of AgNPs that may open up new horizons in the field of nanomedicine.

Green Synthesis and Incorporation of Sericin Silver Nanoclusters into Electrospun Ultrafine Cellulose Acetate Fibers for Anti-Bacterial Applications

“…Figure 3A shows the TEM image of sericin-AgNCs in which sericin-AgNCs got quasi-spherical and monodisperse having ultra-small size. Whereas the diameter distribution (Figure 3B) indicates that sericin-AgNCs have an average size of 2.5 ± 0.5 nm and obtained diameter distribution is in agreement with Gaussian fitting [9]. Moreover, the SEM images (Figure 3C) of ultrafine CA fibers revealed smooth surface fibrous morphology having average fiber diameter of 300 nm.…”

Ecotoxicity of as‐synthesised copper nanoparticles on soil bacteria

“…Yuan et al [34] and Saratale et al [39] have also observed higher sugar and protein leakage in Gram-negative strains as compare to Gram positive strains when treated with silver increases with the increase in CuNPs concentration till its MIC. Beyond this concentration (i.e.…”

“…Earlier reports also suggest that metallic nanoparticles disrupts the permeability of bacterial cell membranes, affects membrane transport system and induces release of cellular macromolecules [39][40][41].…”

Lichens—A Potential Source for Nanoparticles Fabrication: A Review on Nanoparticles Biosynthesis and Their Prospective Applications

“…Plant extracts act as reducing and capping agents for the synthesis of many types of NPs [ 33 ]. Different parts of plants, including leaves, fruits, stems, seeds, and roots, showed their reducing ability during the synthesis of metallic NPs [ 113 , 114 ]. Singh et al successfully synthesized Au-NPs and Ag-NPs using Panax ginseng leaf and root extracts within 3 and 45 min at 80 °C [ 115 ].…”