Exploiting Anti-Inflammation Effects of Flavonoids in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Hussain, Tarique; Murtaza, Ghulam; Yang, Huansheng; Kalhoro, Muhammad Saleem; Kalhoro, Dildar Hussain

doi:10.2174/1381612826666200408101550

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Terpene trilactones and flavonoids are the most important active components in GBDP. It has been reported that flavonoids have strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects, which may have potential protective effects against liver I/R injury [40][41][42]. Moreover, as the unique active components of GBDP, ginkgolides and bilobalide have been found to exhibit an antagonistic effect on PAF receptor specifically, which is deemed to associate with the protective effect in I/R injury [43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pills against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice

et al. 2020

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Background Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable pathological phenomenon in various clinical conditions, such as liver transplantation, resection surgery, or shock, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after operation. Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pill (GBDP) is a unique Chinese Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract preparation that exhibits a variety of beneficial biological activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of GBDP on the liver I/R injury both in the in vitro and in vivo. Methods Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) experiments were performed in alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cells and primary hepatocytes, which were pretreated with GBDP (60 or 120 µg/mL) followed by incubation in a hypoxia chamber. Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Annexin V staining as well as western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins was performed to detect the protective effect of GBDP on cell apoptosis induced by H/R injury. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the liver I/R injury model, and were pretreated with GBDP (100 or 200 mg/kg/day, i.g.) for two weeks. The liver damage was evaluated by detection of plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), as well as histopathological examinations. Liver inflammation was determined by detecting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) immunohistochemistry staining. Finally, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick and labeling (TUNEL) staining and western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins were used to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of GBDP in mice. Results In the in vitro study, GBDP pretreatment improved the cell viability of AML-12 cells in the H/R injury model. Similarly, the same result was found in the primary hepatocytes isolated from C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, GBDP decreased the number of apoptotic cells and reduced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins induced by H/R injury. In the in vivo study, oral administration of GBDP ameliorated liver injury evidenced by a significant decline in the levels of ALT and AST. Furthermore, the result of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that GBDP reduced the size of necrosis area in the liver tissue. In addition, the decreased infiltration of neutrophils and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines indicated that GBDP may play an anti-inflammatory effect. More importantly, GBDP reduced TUNEL-positive cells and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the liver indicating GBDP has anti-apoptotic effects. Conclusions Our findings elucidated that GBDP has potential effects for protecting against liver I/R injury characterized by its anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which would promisingly make contributions to the exploration of therapeutic strategies in the liver I/R injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pills against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice

et al. 2020

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“…Terpene trilactones and avonoids are the most important active components in GBDP. It has been reported that avonoids have strong anti-in ammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects, which may have potential protective effects against liver I/R injury [40][41][42]. Moreover, as the unique active components of GBDP, ginkgolides and bilobalide have been found to exhibit an antagonistic effect on PAF receptor speci cally, which is deemed to associate with the protective effect in I/R injury [43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pills against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice

Wang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable pathological phenomenon in various clinical conditions, such as liver transplantation, resection surgery, or shock, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after operation. Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pill (GBDP) is a unique Chinese Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract preparation that exhibits a variety of beneficial biological activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of GBDP on the liver I/R injury both in the in vitro and in vivo.Methods: Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) experiments were performed in alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cells and primary hepatocytes, which were pretreated with GBDP (60 or 120 μg/mL) followed by incubation in a hypoxia chamber. Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Annexin V staining as well as western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins was performed to detect the protective effect of GBDP on cell apoptosis induced by H/R injury. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the liver I/R injury model, and were pretreated with GBDP (100 or 200 mg/kg/day, i.g.) for two weeks. The liver damage was evaluated by detection of plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), as well as histopathological examinations. Liver inflammation was determined by detecting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) immunohistochemistry staining. Finally, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick and labeling (TUNEL) staining and western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins were used to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of GBDP in mice.Results: In the in vitro study, GBDP pretreatment improved the cell viability of AML-12 cells in the H/R injury model. Similarly, the same result was found in the primary hepatocytes isolated from C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, GBDP decreased the number of apoptotic cells and reduced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins induced by H/R injury. In the in vivo study, oral administration of GBDP ameliorated liver injury evidenced by a significant decline in the levels of ALT and AST. Furthermore, the result of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that GBDP reduced the size of necrosis area in the liver tissue. In addition, the decreased infiltration of neutrophils and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines indicated that GBDP may play an anti-inflammatory effect. More importantly, GBDP reduced TUNEL-positive cells and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the liver indicating GBDP has anti-apoptotic effects.Conclusion: Our findings elucidated that GBDP has potential effects for protecting against liver I/R injury characterized by its anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which would promisingly make contributions to the exploration of therapeutic strategies in the liver I/R injury.

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“…Flavonoids are not only the most important plant pigments, but also chemical messengers, physiological regulators and cell cycle inhibitors [ 49 ]. For humans, these compounds have been demonstrated to have a variety of biological and pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antiaging, antifatigue and anti-inflammatory activities as well as liver protection, immune enhancement, radiation protection and lipid profile improvement functions [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Anticancer Effects Of Astragalus and Its Main Medicative Compounds/extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining the Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects of Astragalus and Shiitake as an Integrated Therapeutic Approach

et al. 2021

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Astragalus root (Huang Qi) and Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) are both considered medicinal foods and are frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine due to their anticancer and immunomodulating properties. Here, the scientific literatures describing evidence for the anticancer and immunogenic properties of Shiitake and Astragalus were reviewed. Based on our experimental data, the potential to develop medicinal food with combined bioactivities was assessed using Shiitake mushrooms grown over Astragalus beds in a proprietary manufacturing process, as a novel cancer prevention approach. Notably, our data suggest that this new manufacturing process can result in transfer and increased bioavailability of Astragalus polysaccharides with therapeutic potential into edible Shiitake. Further research efforts are required to validate the therapeutic potential of this new Hengshan Astragalus Shiitake medicinal food.

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Exploiting Anti-Inflammation Effects of Flavonoids in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Cited by 22 publications

References 112 publications

Protective effects of Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pills against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice

Protective effects of Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pills against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice

Protective effects of Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pills against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice

Combining the Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects of Astragalus and Shiitake as an Integrated Therapeutic Approach

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