Exploitation of Cell Mediated Immune Responses to Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract

Individual human tumors arise through a combination of genetic and epigenetic changes that facilitate immortality. Cancer occurs when there are changes to genes that control the way our cells grow and divide.. The increase in the prevalence of cancer with lack of specific treatment options became public health problem particularly in middle and low income nations. Activation of the immune system by products of viral oncogene prevents viral induced cancers. The in vitro stimulation of Dendritic cells with tumor or tumor antigen in the presence of cytokines for cross activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells or restoration of T cells functions by blockade of immune blockers or modification tumor microenvironment or adoptive transfer of immune cells and stem T cells are promising cancer therapies. Compared with the convectional cancer therapies, immunotherapies are most tumors targeted without harmful side effects.

Risk Factors for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy Toxicity Among Older Adults with Cancer

“… 6-9 Importantly, these therapies augment the ability of the cell-mediated immune system, which plays a key role in tumor defense, to recognize tumor cells, and inhibit their survival. 6 , 7 The 2 main classes of IO drugs currently in use are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors and inhibitors of the programmed death protein/ligand-1 (PD-1/L1) system. These work by overriding T-cell inhibition, resulting in a bolstered immune response against cancer cells.…”