Explicit Mathematical Models of Distribution Storage Water Quality

Mau, Russell E.; Boulos, Paul F.; Clark, Robert M.; Grayman, Walter M.; Tekippe, Rudy J.; Trussell, R. Rhodes

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1995)121:10(699)

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is commonly accepted that most distribution systems are operated under chlorine limiting conditions [11,[24][25][26][27][28]. In order to understand the effect of chlorine limiting conditions in terms of water quality, data collected from the Loop under Normal Run and Chlorine Booster Run conditions are compared.…”

Section: Chlorine-limited Conditions In Distribution Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Water Distribution System Operations and Disinfection By Product Fate

Poleneni¹,

Inniss²

2013

JWARP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Stage-2 Disinfectant and Disinfection By-Product (D/DBP) regulations force water utilities to be more concerned with their finished and distributed water quality. Compliance requires changes to their current operational strategy, which affect the formation of DBPs over time. This study quantifies changes in DBP formation and chlorine decay kinetics under different operational conditions and pipe materials found at many small-scale water utilities. A physical model (Pipe Loop) of a distribution system was used to evaluate the change in water quality from conditions such as having a high chlorine dosage entering the distribution system, using a chlorine booster system in the distribution system, and operation of clearwells/storage tanks. The High Chlorine Run (HC) is least favorable option with approximately 64% and 30% higher TTHMs than Normal Run (NR) and Chlorine Booster Run (CB), respectively. High Chlorine conditions also minimize the wall effects. The location of Boosters should always be after the storage systems to avoid extra contact time that can produce approximately 23% -78% higher TTHMs. The following trends are discovered from the data analysis: Chlorine residual HC > CB > NR and TTHM NR > CB > HC.

show abstract

Section: Chlorine-limited Conditions In Distribution Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Water Distribution System Operations and Disinfection By Product Fate

Poleneni¹,

Inniss²

2013

JWARP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Th e latter objective pertain s to m ain ten an ce of system pressu re, equ alization of dem an ds on su pply sou rces, redu ction in sizes or capacities of existin g m ain s, provision of water for n orm al dem an d, excess storage for peak dem an d an d fire su ppression , an d su pply of u n in terru pted water service du rin g power ou tages. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Th is policy m ean s th at water m ay rem ain in th e system for lon g periods of tim e. Lon g residen ce tim es can adversely affect th e qu ality of fin ish ed water in term s of redu ced disin fectan t residu als, in crease in DBPs, occu rren ce of n itrification , proliferation of bacteria, an d aesth etic degradation (taste, odor, an d appearan ce). Lon g residen ce tim es m ay h ave been ju stified in th e past becau se of th e absen ce of techn ology for evalu atin g su ch effects an d th e level of regu latory con trol.…”

Section: Water Storage Is Integral Part Of Distribution Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic mixing and free chlorine residual in reservoirs

Boulos¹,

Grayman²,

Bowcock³

et al. 1996

Journal AWWA

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interior sampling of a reservoir illuminates its mixing characteristics and supports the assumption of stratification or partitioning. An extensive sampling study of reservoir water quality was conducted in Azusa, Calif. Primary emphasis was placed on providing a better understanding of the dynamics of hydraulic mixing and free chlorine residual concentration distribution in the reservoir. The reservoir approached completely mixed behavior with two exceptions: a degree of short‐circuiting between the inlet and outlet (which significantly affected the T10 time) and the presence of a stagnant zone in the center core of the reservoir where there was less mixing and thus older water. These results support the assumption of stratification or partitioning in reservoirs. Regular field sampling is recommended to facilitate the effective management of distribution system water quality. In particular, interior sampling of reservoirs can provide useful information that could not be inferred otherwise.

show abstract

“…Mau et al (1995) carried out an explicit model for simulating water quality in tanks by considering five conceptual representations of multicompartment models: a continuous flow stirred tank, a two-compartment tank, a threecompartment tank, a four-compartment tank and a plug-flow tank. Mixing behaviour and its effects on the water quality are considerably influenced by the turbulent flow patterns within the storage tanks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%