Explanations for the observed increase in fast electron penetration in laser shock compressed materials

Batani, D.; Davies, J. R.; Bernardinello, A.; Pisani, Francesca M.; Kœnig, M.; Hall, Tom; Ellwi, Samir; Norreys, P.; Rose, S. J.; Djaoui, A.; Neely, D.

doi:10.1103/physreve.61.5725

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[18][19][20] These pioneering works lead to the establishment of scaling laws for the laser-to-electron energy conversion efficiency, 7,9,10 the electron beam current average velocity, 6 and divergence. 11,12,15,16 Other experiments were devoted to measure the range, the collimation of these electrons, and the way they lose their energy while propagating through solid samples, either foils, 8,9,13,14,17 wire targets, 21,22 or 1D-compressed foils.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12,15,16 Other experiments were devoted to measure the range, the collimation of these electrons, and the way they lose their energy while propagating through solid samples, either foils, 8,9,13,14,17 wire targets, 21,22 or 1D-compressed foils. 18,19,23 Nonetheless, using solid or even 1D-compressed targets strongly limits the area of investigation to low temperatures (<10 eV) and moderate densities (<5g=cm 3 ), which are far from the plasma parameters of the compressed core of a driven ICF target (100 g=cm 3 , 300 eV). In this context, laser-driven shock compression in 2D cylindrical geometry, in direct 24 or indirect drive, 25 is a promising technique for creating higher density and temperature plasmas, suitable for the next step of fast electron beam transport studies.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-driven cylindrical compression of targets for fast electron transport study in warm and dense plasmas

et al. 2011

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Fast ignition requires a precise knowledge of fast electron propagation\ud in a dense hydrogen plasma. In this context, a dedicated HiPER (High\ud Power laser Energy Research) experiment was performed on the VULCAN\ud laser facility where the propagation of relativistic electron beams\ud through cylindrically compressed plastic targets was studied. In this\ud paper, we characterize the plasma parameters such as temperature and\ud density during the compression of cylindrical polyimide shells filled\ud with CH foams at three different initial densities. X-ray and proton\ud radiography were used to measure the cylinder radius at different stages\ud of the compression. By comparing both diagnostics results with 2D\ud hydrodynamic simulations, we could infer densities from 2 to 11 g/cm(3)\ud and temperatures from 30 to 120 eV at maximum compression at the center\ud of targets. According to the initial foam density, kinetic, coupled\ud (sometimes degenerated) plasmas were obtained. The temporal and spatial\ud evolution of the resulting areal densities and electrical conductivities\ud allow for testing electron transport in a wide range of configurations.\ud (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. {[doi: 10.1063/1.3578346]

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-driven cylindrical compression of targets for fast electron transport study in warm and dense plasmas

et al. 2011

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“…Only a few entered in the warm dense matter regime driving the targets by shock compression in planar [17][18][19][20] or cylindrical [21,22] geometries. For the sake of a precise stopping power characterization as a function only of the target material (density, temperature, resistivity, etc.)…”

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Relativistic High-Current Electron-Beam Stopping-Power Characterization in Solids and Plasmas: Collisional Versus Resistive Effects

et al. 2012

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We present experimental and numerical results on intense-laser-pulse-produced fast electron beams transport through aluminum samples, either solid or compressed and heated by laser-induced planar shock propagation. Thanks to absolute K yield measurements and its very good agreement with results from numerical simulations, we quantify the collisional and resistive fast electron stopping powers: for electron current densities of % 8 Â 10 10 A=cm 2 they reach 1:5 keV= m and 0:8 keV= m, respectively. For higher current densities up to 10 12 A=cm 2 , numerical simulations show resistive and collisional energy losses at comparable levels. Analytical estimations predict the resistive stopping power will be kept on the level of 1 keV= m for electron current densities of 10 14 A=cm 2 , representative of the full-scale conditions in the fast ignition of inertially confined fusion targets. In the fast ignition (FI) scheme of inertial confinement fusion, a relativistic electron beam (REB) heats the compressed core and ignites the fusion reactions in a capsule of deuterium and tritium [1]. This REB is generated at the critical density surface, or at the cone tip of a cone-embedded imploded capsule [2] by a high-intensity (% 10 20 W=cm 2 ) and high-energy ($100 kJ) laser. The REB source has a total kinetic energy & 40% of the laser energy [3][4][5] and a mean kinetic energy of 1-2 MeV (to provide an efficient coupling to the dense core). The REB transports energy from the generation region (with density and temperature in the level of a few g=cm 3 and a few eV, respectively) to the high-density ($ 400 g=cm 3 ) and hightemperature ($ 300 eV) core, where it must deliver a minimum of 20 kJ to heat the fuel to thermonuclear temperatures ($ 5-10 keV) [6]. The energy transport efficiency can be limited by such physical processes as collisional or collective energy loss [7], divergence [8,9], filamentation [10][11][12], etc. The energy losses over the highly inhomogeneous electron transport zone should be accurately predicted for a successful full-scale FI design. In particular, the REB stopping power should be limited to a few keV= m over the $100 m standing-off distance between the REB source and the imploded core.The work presented here aims at characterizing the REB stopping power in dense media in underscaled experimental conditions. The measurements are used to benchmark a REB transport code. The tested transport media, ranging from solid to warm dense matter, are much denser than the injected REB, being reasonable to assume an efficient neutralization of the injected current (j h ) by a counterstreaming current (j e ) of background thermal electrons (j h % Àj e ). Under these conditions, the numerical description of the REB transport often uses the so-called hybrid approach, where the incident and weakly collisional electrons are modeled kinetically and the highly collisional return current is described as an inertialess fluid [10,13,14].Most of the REB transport experiments carried out up to now have used solid targets [8,15...

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“…The fabrication of the targets had some irreproducibility in the radius of curvature of the nail head, and the hemisphere was also sometimes offset relative to the wire axis. The nail head is approximately an order of magnitude less massive than the cones employed in the experiment described in [3] and represents only around 50% of the mass of the horizontal portion of the wire.…”

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Nail-Like Targets for Laser-Plasma Interaction Experiments

Pasley

Wei

Shipton

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Explanations for the observed increase in fast electron penetration in laser shock compressed materials

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Laser-driven cylindrical compression of targets for fast electron transport study in warm and dense plasmas

Laser-driven cylindrical compression of targets for fast electron transport study in warm and dense plasmas

Relativistic High-Current Electron-Beam Stopping-Power Characterization in Solids and Plasmas: Collisional Versus Resistive Effects

Nail-Like Targets for Laser-Plasma Interaction Experiments

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