Explanation as a Primary Task in Problem Solving

Wick, Michael R.

doi:10.1017/s0269888900006627

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Thus, different research directions were advocated, which focused more on understandability of explanations-taking into account such issues as abstraction into different levels, linguistic competence, and summarization (Swartout & Moore, 1993). One prototype system (Wick, 1992b) used a technique called Reconstructive Explanation. This technique uses one knowledge base for the expert system and another for the explanation component.…”

Section: Usermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These shortcomings can be improved with some effort from the system developer without necessarily restructuring the expert system knowledge base—which could be very time-consuming. However, Berry et al (1995) provide another reason for the low frequency of explanation use, in that, system developers often fail to involve users in the specification and evaluation of explanation facilities in the early stages of project development, but explanation facilities are strongly correlated with the structure and knowledge content in an expert system (Wick, 1992b). This means that the knowledge sources adopted for developing an expert system will affect the quality of the explanation facilities provided by that system.…”

Section: Explanation and Expert Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing for Explanation in Health Care Applications of Expert Systems

Darlington

2011

Sage Open

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A great deal has been written about the role of clinical decision support systems in medicine in recent years—an important category of which are expert systems. Expert systems would normally contain an explanation module—the subject of a great deal of research interest in the 1980s when the main problem-solving task for medical expert systems was diagnostics. However, expert systems nowadays are more likely to perform tasks other than diagnosis, yet the role of explanation in expert systems has been largely ignored in the health care literature since this time. Furthermore, user requirements can vary considerably in the health care domain and may include physicians, medical researchers, administrators, and patients. Such user groups would have differing levels of knowledge and goals, which would impact on the type of explanatory support provided by the system. This article examines the potential benefits of explanation facilities for a range of clinical tasks and also considers the ways in which explanation facilities may be delivered so as to be of benefit to these categories of health care user for these tasks.

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Section: Usermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explanation and Expert Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing for Explanation in Health Care Applications of Expert Systems

Darlington

2011

Sage Open

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“…Since the early days of expert systems, the capabilities of knowledge-based systems to communicate have greatly improved. For example, explanation has been recognised has a complex task that requires speci®c knowledge (Paris etal., 1988;Paris, 1991;Southwick, 1989Southwick, , 1991Wick, 1994). As a result, systems are now able to engage in a dialogue with their users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

User-system dialogues and the notion of focus

Lecœuche

Mellish²,

Barry

et al. 1999

The Knowledge Engineering Review

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In recent years, the capabilities of knowledge-based systems to communicate with their users have evolved from simple interactions to complex dialogues. With this evolution comes a need to understand what makes a good dialogue. In this paper, we are concerned with dialogue coherence. We review the notion of focus, which partly explains this property, and its use for user-system communication. First, we examine the major theories dealing with this notion. We describe what their contribution is and how they dier. Then, we illustrate the bene®ts of using the notion of focus and especially the improvement in text coherence. We pay particular attention to how the notion can concretely be implemented. Its integration with other techniques and theories is described. We conclude the paper by pointing out remaining issues in the understanding of the notion of focus. The contribution of this paper is to provide a classi®cation of the theories of focus and to show the improvements they oer in elaborate user-system dialogues.

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