Explaining the geographic distributions of sexual and asexual populations

Peck, Joel R.; Yearsley, Jonathan M.; Waxman, David J.

doi:10.1038/36099

Cited by 203 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Unfortunately, there has been little theoretical investigation of how sexual sterility might evolve in conjunction with other life-history traits. A simulation model by Peck et al (1998) predicts strong disequilibrium between sexual sterility and increased fitness in populations at geographical range margins, a situation that we have observed in D. verticillatus. The model is based on the premise that only rare gene combinations provide tolerance to the extreme environments in peripheral populations (Antonovics 1976;Bradshaw 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Evolutionary vestigialization of sex in a clonal plant: selection versus neutral mutation in geographically peripheral populations

Dorken

Neville

Eckert

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The loss of traits that no longer contribute to fitness is widespread; however, the causative evolutionary mechanisms are poorly understood. Vestigialization could proceed through the fixation of selectively neutral degenerative mutations via genetic drift. Alternatively, selection may facilitate vestigialization if trait loss results in enhanced fitness. We tested these hypotheses using Decodon verticillatus, a clonal plant in which sexual sterility has arisen repeatedly in populations across the northern geographical range limit. We compared growth and survival of replicated genotypes from 7 sexually fertile and 18 sterile populations, over 3 years in a common environment. Survival of sterile genotypes was 53% greater than for fertile genotypes, but there was no difference in biomass accumulation. Almost all mortality, and hence increased performance of sterile genotypes, occurred during simulated overwinter dormancy. These observations suggest that selection has facilitated the vestigialization of sex, and thus do not support the neutral mutation hypothesis. The selective mechanism probably involves the relaxation of a genetic trade-off between sexual reproduction and survival: alleles that increase vegetative performance at the expense of sexual fertility are selected in geographically peripheral populations where sexual reproduction is suppressed by adverse environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Kaltz & Bell 2002). As a result, only genotypes that combine high fitness and sexual sterility persist in peripheral populations (Peck et al 1998). However, this evolutionary scenario requires that sexual and asexual reproduction be mutually exclusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary vestigialization of sex in a clonal plant: selection versus neutral mutation in geographically peripheral populations

Dorken

Neville

Eckert

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…Such trends of increased asexual reproduction is common toward marginal habitats and may be a consequence of problems with sexual reproduction under extreme conditions, or an evolutionary strategy to avoid breaking up favorable genetic associations in genotypes adapted to marginal conditions (Peck et al 1998;Silvertown 2008). Strict clonality comes with an increased cost in the form of a slower evolutionary response to environmental change limited by the lack of recombination of new genotypes.…”

Section: Clonality Is Common In Baltic Sea Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Baltic Sea Populations: Local Extinction or Evolutionary Rescue?

Johannesson

Smolarz

Grahn

et al. 2011

AMBIO

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Environmental change challenges local and global survival of populations and species. In a speciespoor environment like the Baltic Sea this is particularly critical as major ecosystem functions may be upheld by single species. A complex interplay between demographic and genetic characteristics of species and populations determines risks of local extinction, chances of re-establishment of lost populations, and tolerance to environmental changes by evolution of new adaptations. Recent studies show that Baltic populations of dominant marine species are locally adapted, have lost genetic variation and are relatively isolated. In addition, some have evolved unusually high degrees of clonality and others are representatives of endemic (unique) evolutionary lineages. We here suggest that a consequence of local adaptation, isolation and genetic endemism is an increased risk of failure in restoring extinct Baltic populations. Additionally, restricted availability of genetic variation owing to lost variation and isolation may negatively impact the potential for evolutionary rescue following environmental change.

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“…Other authors emphasize 36 that asexuals are capable of colonizing new habitats faster [9,30] or that asexual reproduction arises whenever environmental changes may have provided opportunities for shifts to asexuality 38 [21]. In the only spatially extended mathematical model for geographic parthenogenesis that exists so far, Peck(1998) [40], showed explicitly that a sufficiently strong source-sink effect [10] 40 can lead to a dominance of parthenogenetic reproduction in boundary regions, because sexuals cannot establish the phenotype that is optimal for this region. In this model, asexuals are as-42 signed a lower fitness than sexuals, given the same degree of adaptation to their environment, which changes along the spatial gradient.…”

Section: Introduction 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic parthenogenesis in a consumer-resource model for sexual reproduction

Song¹,

Scheu²,

Drossel³

2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Cite this article as: Yixian Song, Stefan Scheu and Barbara Drossel, Geographic parthenogenesis in a consumer-resource model for sexual reproduction, Journal of Theoretical Biology, doi:10.1016Biology, doi:10. /j.jtbi.2010 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Journal of Theoretical Biology 00 (2010) AbstractThe phenomenon of geographic parthenogenesis is closely tied to the question of why sexual 1 reproduction is the dominant mode of reproduction in animals and plants. Geographic partheno-2 genesis describes the fact that many species reproduce asexually at the boundaries of their range. 3We present a mathematical model that derives the dominance of sexuals at the center and the 4 dominance of asexuals at the boundary of a species' range from exactly the same mechanism. 5Our model is based on a set of resources that regrow slowly and that can be consumed only 6 by those individuals that have a suitable genotype. Genotype is implemented by a multilocus 7 model with two alleles at each locus, and with free recombination during production of sexual 8 offspring. The model is tailored to seasonal species with intermittent mixis and low survival of 9 offspring, such as Daphnia and aphids. Several patches of resources are arranged in a row, with a 10 gradient of those parameters that typically vary through the range of species. By letting sexually 11 and asexually reproducing populations compete, we obtain the typical patterns of geographic 12 parthenogenesis. 13

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Explaining the geographic distributions of sexual and asexual populations

Cited by 203 publications

References 16 publications

Evolutionary vestigialization of sex in a clonal plant: selection versus neutral mutation in geographically peripheral populations

Evolutionary vestigialization of sex in a clonal plant: selection versus neutral mutation in geographically peripheral populations

The Future of Baltic Sea Populations: Local Extinction or Evolutionary Rescue?

Geographic parthenogenesis in a consumer-resource model for sexual reproduction

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