Explaining the development of false memories

The misinformation effect revisited: Interactions between spontaneous memory processes and misleading suggestions

“…The pattern of findings of the present study can also be persuasively accounted for by FTT, which has been successful in explaining the effects of misinformation on recognition performance (e.g., Reyna, Holliday, & Marche, 2002;Reyna & Titcomb, 1997), and can be extended to account for the recall data of the present study. According to FTT, memories are composed of traces that differ in precision along a fuzzy-to-verbatim continuum, from verbatim traces of a target's surface form to gist traces representing a target's semantic, relational, and elaborative characteristics (Reyna & Brainerd, 1995Reyna et al, 2002).…”

Individual differences in false memory from misinformation: Personality characteristics and their interactions with cognitive abilities

“…Such research can help to clarify the nature of false memories and guide the many applications of false memory as mentioned above. Indeed, several researchers have pointed out the need to understand individual differences in false memories (Loftus, 2005;Reyna, Holliday, & Marche, 2002;Roediger & McDermott, 2000).…”

Children's episodic and generic reports of alleged abuse

“…According to fuzzy-trace theory (e.g., Brainerd & Reyna, 2002;Reyna, Holliday, & Marche, 2002), two independent memory traces are formed each time an event is encountered and stored in parallel: a verbatim trace that contains the precise details of the event and a gist trace that contains the general meaning of the event. As a result, gist and verbatim traces are not concurrently retrieved with a single cue, but rather the retrieval of either of these traces is independent and is likely to be most effective when the specificity of the retrieval cue matches the type of trace, a concept referred to as dissociated retrieval (Brainerd & Reyna, 2004).…”