Explaining Reconviction Rates: A Critical Analysis: Home Office Research Study 136

Lloyd, Charles W.; Mair, George; Hough, Mike

doi:10.1037/e450512008-001

Cited by 72 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…2 For purposes of simplicity, remission is ignored. 3 Figure 1 shows cumulative percentage reconvictions for custody and community penalties, assuming all prisoners spend seven months in custody (the real figure is 0.562 years on the latest figures given by Tarling 1993), and assuming the distribution of times at risk to reconviction given for parolees by Tarling (1993), and the proportion reconvicted after two years at risk as 50%, being close to the overall figure calculated by Lloyd et al (1994). 4 In the week when this paper was revised, a report of the Home Affairs Select…”

Section: Notes 1 This Paper Is a Modified Version Of A Lecture Presenmentioning

confidence: 85%

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The Probation Career of Al Truism

Pease

1999

The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice

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Altruism is defined in Chambers Dictionary as the principle of living and acting for others. The career of altruism can be considered in relation to the individual probation practitioner and the probation service, albeit in different ways. The purpose of this paper is to rehearse some of the ideas of the late Bill McWilliams, to suggest their continuing relevance to probation, and to argue how his thinking might have developed had his active life been longer. Altruism in its appeal to selflessness, and its lack of discrimination between the categories of other to be served, offers a reasonable organising principle in probation, of which Bill would have approved, and which will be elaborated somewhat in the final section of the paper.The late Victorian ancestor of the probation officer was the police court missionary. The first missionaries were employees of the Church of England Temperance Society. As Bill McWilliams (1983) stressed:The missionaries had a religious philosophy, distinctively their own, and when they first entered the summary courts their transcendent task was the saving of souls through divine grace. (p. 130) Their task was the restoration and reclamation of individual drunkards appearing before the criminal courts. (p. 134) This role was compromised by magistrates' use of missionaries to supervise offenders released on recognizances under the provisions of the Summary Jurisdiction Act 1879. The next step was the use of missionaries to undertake pre-sentence reports. Bill (1983) quoted the annual report of the London Police Court Mission for 1889 as follows:the missionaries are at the court for some time before the magistrate takes his seat on 2

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Section: Notes 1 This Paper Is a Modified Version Of A Lecture Presenmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Respectable studies statistically factor out such variables to yield a pure comparison. A Home Office study (Lloyd et al 1994) did this for prison and community penalties. The results are simplified as Table 1.…”

Section: The Vulnerability Of Current Probation Justificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Probation Career of Al Truism

Pease

1999

The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice

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“…Studies conducted on samples taken from those sentenced to community penalties or released from prison in the early 1990s show that once allowance was made for differences in offending and sentencing history, age and sex, reconviction rates for the most commonly used forms of community supervision and imprisonment varied by only a percentage point or two, whereas there were large differences in the 'raw' rates (cf. Lloyd, Mair and Hough, 1994;Kershaw and Renshaw, 1997). This is why, when reconviction results are used (Cunliffe and Shepherd, 2007) show that the actual reconviction rate for those released in 2004 (64.7 per cent) was almost identical to that for those released in 2000 (64.8 per cent).…”

Section: F I G U R E 3 : C H a N G E S I N T H E O V E R A L L U S E mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building on sand: why expanding the prison estate is not the way to ‘secure the future’

Hedderman¹

2008

Tackling Prison overcrowdingBuild More Prisons? Sentence Fewer Offenders?

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“…The research data that are directly collected from criminals in community corrections through self-reported interview and ethical issues are given sufficient cautious. [23]; and (14) community correction outcome [24]. Except demographic information, all of items in scales are recoded as dichotomous variables (0, 1).…”

Section: A Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Variables Affecting the Outcome of Community Correction in Contemporary China

Liu¹

2013

IJSSH

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Abstract-Community corrections recent development in China, imported from the West. This study intends to explore the range of factors that affect the outcome of community corrections as it exists in contemporary China. The study applies the quantitative method; a questionnaire survey was used to collect research data in Guangzhou. Demographic variables and thirteen other aspects of criminals are measured by actuarial scales via face to face interview. Results reveal that minor criminals and criminals living in old street blocks are performing much poorer in community correction than adult criminals and those living in other types of communities. Relations between probation officer and criminal take a weighted precedent impact on outcome of community corrections. The status of companions, alcohol/drug problem, accommodation, family/marital, leisure/recreation also has a significant influence on criminals' performance. It concludes that strengthening the contact between criminals and probation officer, separating criminals from friends having crime background and treating their alcohol and drug problems could greatly improve the outcome of community correction.Index Terms-Community correction, risk and needs factors, survey.

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Explaining Reconviction Rates: A Critical Analysis: Home Office Research Study 136

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

The Probation Career of Al Truism

The Probation Career of Al Truism

Building on sand: why expanding the prison estate is not the way to ‘secure the future’

An Analysis of Variables Affecting the Outcome of Community Correction in Contemporary China

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