Explaining Kazakhstan’s Accession to and Compliance with WTO, from a Neorealism and a Neoliberalism Approach

Abstract

The main research topic is to explore why Kazakhstan was accepted to the WTO and comply with its rules. The negotiation and evaluation of the process of Kazakhstan joining the WTO lasted 20 years, including hundreds of terms and conditions. This paper will use both neoliberalism and neorealism approaches in explaining the positive and negative aspects of those terms. With the approaches mentioned, the essay was written based on the case study method. Through the case study of Kazakhstan's accession to WTO and its trade dispute in WTO, the essay explores the motivation behind Kazakhstan's compliance with the WTO. This could later be found in the paper stating that the reason behind Kazakhstan's eagerness to join the WTO even after a prolonged negotiation process was so Kazakhstan could gain economic benefit from facilitated trade and reduce its dependence on Russia to step towards becoming an economic center of Central Asia. In conclusion, the essay deepens our understanding of Kazakhstan's accession to the WTO, the foreign strategy of Kazakhstan, and the function of the WTO in international society. Which could help identify ways of improvement for the WTO and new opportunities in Central Asia development. Some limits of the paper would mostly relate to the lack of evidence and research subjects which points the future studies towards two directions, one being gathering more evidence and gathering more subjects, the second one being to look in-depth into the problems and prospects after the accession of Kazakhstan to the WTO.

Miscarriage of Justice in Legal System

“…The basis of the theory rests on the assumption that democratic governance, liberal commercial enterprise, international law and organisation, collective security and ethically inspired statecraft can collectively improve life on planet earth that is if all things are equal. Neoliberalism emerged in the 20th century as an alternative view to the theory of realism and neorealism (Chand, 2022).…”