Expired Breath Hydrogen Peroxide Is a Marker of Acute Airway Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Asthma

Dohlman, Ann Wang; Black, Hugh R.; Royall, James A.

doi:10.1164/ajrccm/148.4_pt_1.955

Cited by 171 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An earlier study found protein contamination of most samples at very low levels (using two dimensional gel electrophoresis) [5]. Other condensate studies have either not attempted to identify contamination [7,15], or have not demonstrated contamination in healthy children [12]. This is the first study to assess potential contamination in children with respiratory disease, however there was no correlation between age or FEV1 and amylase in condensate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Measurement of inflammatory markers in the breath condensate of children with cystic fibrosis

Cunningham

McColm

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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Identifying noninvasive markers of pulmonary inflammation would be useful in assessing new therapies in children. Breath condensate is a simple and potentially acceptable sample medium even in small children. The technique has previously been used in adults, but not children with cystic fibrosis.The technique was assessed in 36 children with cystic fibrosis (mean age 10.4 yrs) and 17 control subjects, analysing samples for nitrite, interleukin(IL)-8 and salivary and nasal contamination. Correlations were made between levels of the inflammatory markers and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity, chest radiograph score and use of inhaled steroids.On samples without significant contamination (<10 u . L -1 amylase) nitrite was detected in 93% of samples at a median concentration of 3.0 mM compared with 50% of control samples at a median of 0.5 mM. Condensate amylase levels did not correlate with the nitrite value obtained (r=0.31). IL-8 was detected in 33% of CF samples.Breath condensate is an acceptable method of sample collection in children. Nitrite was raised in breath condensate from patients with cystic fibrosis when compared with control subjects. Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 955±957. Pulmonary inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) begins soon after birth [1], and arresting this progressive inflammation is central to CF research. It would be desirable therefore to identify a measure of pulmonary inflammation (single or combined), that is more sensitive than pulmonary function testing, noninvasive, repeatable and applicable to young children. The assessment of exhaled breath in CF has not been fruitful: nitric oxide levels are normal [2], or reduced [3] in CF when compared with control subjects, and exhaled pentane is raised in CF, but prone to gastrointestinal contamination [4].The measurement of inflammatory mediators in breath condensate (exhaled aerosolized bronchoalveolar lining fluid), might provide a noninvasive, direct assessment of pulmonary inflammation. Condensate is capable of carrying molecules <65 kDa [5]: that could include the majority of pro-inflammatory pulmonary cytokines that are increased in CF. Nitrite This technique, however, has not been applied to children with CF, and the aim of the current study was therefore to evaluate the reliability and acceptability of this technique, assessing whether children with CF have raised nitrite (like their adult counterparts [6]), and to assess for the first time whether IL-8, a dominant pro-inflammatory cytokine in CF [8], is found in measurable quantities in exhaled condensate. MethodsThe study was performed at the authors' regional paediatric CF centre (Edinburgh, Scotland, UK). Control samples were collected from children who were either staff relatives or attending fracture clinic with single stable fractures and no history of chronic respiratory illness. Children with CF were clinically stable at the time of assessment.The equipment for condensate collection has previously been used successfully in adults, ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Condensate is capable of carrying molecules <65 kDa [5]: that could include the majority of pro-inflammatory pulmonary cytokines that are increased in CF. Nitrite [6], hydrogen peroxide [7], tumour necrosis factor-a and interleukin (IL)-6 [5] have been measured in breath condensate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of inflammatory markers in the breath condensate of children with cystic fibrosis

Cunningham

McColm

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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“…[6][7][8][9][10] This noninvasive technique has been advocated as a simple method for documenting airway inflammation. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate H 2 O 2 -E in healthy cigarette smokers, and to determine the acute effects of the consumption of one cigarette on H 2 O 2 -E levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Since then high H 2 O 2 -E levels have been detected under a number of different conditions such as ARDS, asthma and COPD. [6][7][8][9][10] Although such results strongly suggest a role for expired hydrogen peroxide as a marker for respiratory tract inflammation, the number of investigations and publications in the area remains small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in healthy subjects following cigarette consumption

et al. 2000

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“…One example is the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) molecule, whose increased presence in human breath could indicate oxidative stress in the lungs [61,62]. Detection of elevated levels of H 2 O 2 can be used for early diagnosis and monitoring of such diseases as asthma [63][64][65], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [66], or acute respiratory distress syndrome [67,68], a severe inflammatory condition with up to 50 % mortality [69]. The detection of H 2 O 2 in human breath is most commonly performed by the creation of breath condensate and the use of spectrophotometric or spectrofluorometric methods, which achieve detection limits in the range of a few ppb to a few hundred ppb [62].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared application to trace detection of hydrogen peroxide

et al. 2012

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Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared application to trace detection of hydrogen peroxide. Abstract We demonstrate the first cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared wavelength region and report the sensitive real-time trace detection of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a large amount of water. The experimental apparatus is based on a midinfrared optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped by a high-power Yb:fiber laser, a high-finesse broadband cavity, and a fast-scanning Fourier transform spectrometer with autobalancing detection. The comb spectrum with a bandwidth of 200 nm centered around 3.76 µm is simultaneously coupled to the cavity and both degrees of freedom of the comb, i.e. the repetition rate and carrier envelope offset frequency, are locked to the cavity to ensure stable transmission. The autobalancing detection scheme reduces the intensity noise by a factor of 300, and a sensitivity of 5.4 × 10 −9 cm −1 Hz −1/2 with a resolution of 800 MHz is achieved (corresponding to 6.9 × 10 −11 cm −1 Hz −1/2 per spectral element for 6000 resolved elements). This yields a noise equivalent detection limit for hydrogen peroxide of 8 parts-per-billion (ppb); in the presence of 2.8 % of water the detection limit is 130 ppb. Spectra of acetylene, methane, and nitrous oxide at atmospheric pressure are also presented, A. Foltynowicz ( ) · Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics (Print),

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Expired Breath Hydrogen Peroxide Is a Marker of Acute Airway Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Asthma

Cited by 171 publications

References 17 publications

Measurement of inflammatory markers in the breath condensate of children with cystic fibrosis

Measurement of inflammatory markers in the breath condensate of children with cystic fibrosis

Increased exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in healthy subjects following cigarette consumption

Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared application to trace detection of hydrogen peroxide

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