Expired air carbon monoxide and serum thiocyanate as objective measures of cigarette exposure.

Vogt, Thomas; Selvin, Steve; Widdowson, Graham M.; Hulley, Stephen B.

doi:10.2105/ajph.67.6.545

Cited by 212 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is advised that, whenever possible, multiple biochemical measures such as CO and saliva thiocyanate be included in smoking research because they provide a more reliable assessment of subjects' smoking behavior and may enhance the accuracy of subjects' self-reported smoking. [20][21][22] While conclusions regarding the long-term effectiveness of the experimental program are premature, the post-test results are encouraging. Future research is presently underway to assess the long-term effectiveness of the program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying smoking behavior of teenagers: a school-based intervention.

Perry¹,

Killen²,

Telch³

et al. 1980

Am J Public Health

193

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Tenth grade health classes in three high schools received a special program focusing on the immediate physiological effects of cigarette smoking and the social cues influencing adoption of the smoking habit, and classes in two control schools received standard information on the long-term effects of smoking. Only subjects in the special program reported a decrease in smoking from pre to posttest; they also scored higher than controls on a knowledge test. Carbon monoxide levels were significantly lower for subjects in the special group at post-test. (Am J Public Health 1980; 70:722-725.) Cigarette smoking is the single most important preventable environmental factor contributing to illness, disability, and death in the United States. ' Despite widespread -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~k nowledge of the harmful effects of tobacco use,2 adolescents continue to adopt the smoking habit. A recent study by the National Institute of Education reported a five-fold increase in smoking between junior and senior high school.3Numerous anti-smoking programs have been implemented in junior and senior high schools in attempts to reduce the rate of smoking. Traditionally, programs have employed a wide range of techniques including lectures, discussions, posters, and films aimed at increasing student awareness of the harmful long-term effects of cigarette smoking. While some studies have reported positive changes in knowledge and attitudes, most show little or no effect on students' reported smoking behavior. have shown promising results in terms of prevention,18 their effectiveness as cessation strategies i.e., with youth who have already adopted the cigarette habit, has not been evaluated.The present study compared the effectiveness of a multicomponent smoking program with the traditional antismoking curriculum in reducing the incidence of smoking among high school students. Materials and MethodsParticipants were tenth grade students from five local area high schools in the vicinity of Stanford, California. Subjects in three schools (N = 498; males = 227, females = 271) received a special experimental smoking prevention/cessation program conducted in regular tenth grade health education classes. Subjects in two schools (N = 399, males = 188, females = 211) received traditional tenth grade health class material emphasizing the harmful long-term physiological effects of smoking. The five schools selected represented all of the high schools in two local school districts. Schools were matched according to socioeconomic status and then randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. Experimental subjects received four consecutive 45-minute sessions in their regular health classes during the fall semester, 1978. Health teachers in the experimental schools were trained by the authors and assumed major responsibility for program implementation. Experimental classes focused on social pressures influencing adoption of the smoking habit and the immediate physiological effects of smoking. Slide shows and films presented promotional...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying smoking behavior of teenagers: a school-based intervention.

Perry¹,

Killen²,

Telch³

et al. 1980

Am J Public Health

193

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“…This is consistent with previous reports4,5 that sex differences are generally small at this age. Correlation coeffi-*93 White, 2 Black, 4 Hispanic or Oriental. There were no significant differences in BP by race.…”

Section: Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of self-reported smoking behavior: biochemical analyses of cotinine and thiocyanate.

Haley¹,

Axelrad²,

Tilton³

1983

Am J Public Health

260

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“…28 It was one of the earliest biochemical method used in determining smoking status of the individuals. 29 Carbon monoxide levels, measured by breathe analyser, in expired air, showed 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity in determining the smoking status among smokers and nonsmokers. 30 It confirmed smoking cessation (quitters) in 74% of the past smokers.…”

Section: Expired Carbon Monoxide In Breathementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Salivary thiocyanate measurement in saliva was developed as an alternative to expired carbon monoxide measurement. 29 However, several limitations were found in measuring this analyte in biological fluids. The main limitation was the sensitivity and specificity of the assay, which was found to be lowered compared to expired carbon monoxide and other new methods.…”

Section: Salivary Thiocyanatementioning

confidence: 99%