Experts versus Algorithms? Optimized Fuzzy Logic Energy Management of Autonomous PV Hybrid Systems with Battery and H2 Storage

Abstract

Off-grid applications based on intermittent solar power benefit greatly from hybrid energy storage systems consisting of a battery short-term and a hydrogen long-term storage path. An intelligent energy management is required to balance short-, intermediate- and long-term fluctuations in electricity demand and supply, while maximizing system efficiency and minimizing component stress. An energy management was developed that combines the benefits of an expert-knowledge based fuzzy logic approach with a metaheuristic particle swarm optimization. Unlike in most existing work, interpretability of the optimized fuzzy logic controller is maintained, allowing the expert to evaluate and adjust it if deemed necessary. The energy management was tested with 65 1-year household load datasets. It was shown that the expert tuned controller is more robust to changes in load pattern then the optimized controller. However, simple readjustments restore robustness, while largely retaining the benefits achieved through optimization. Nevertheless, it was demonstrated that there is no one-size-fits-all tuning. Especially, large power peaks on the demand-side require overly conservative tunings. This is not desirable in situations where such peaks can be avoided through other means.

Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Energy Management for a Stand-alone PV Hybrid System with Battery and Hydrogen Storage Path

“…In this paper we chose a simple reference application of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) hybrid system with battery and hydrogen storage for a single family home (s. Figure 1). Numerous example applications demonstrate the great potentials of this HESS configuration [3][4][5][6] and point out both the necessity of a good, adapted design and sizing [5] of installed capacities and powers of the energy storage components and the importance of an intelligent energy management (EM) for the optimal control of the power flows within the HESS [4]. There are energy management concepts [4,6,7], with fuzzy logic controller based approaches being commonly used.…”

“…Numerous example applications demonstrate the great potentials of this HESS configuration [3][4][5][6] and point out both the necessity of a good, adapted design and sizing [5] of installed capacities and powers of the energy storage components and the importance of an intelligent energy management (EM) for the optimal control of the power flows within the HESS [4]. There are energy management concepts [4,6,7], with fuzzy logic controller based approaches being commonly used. This paper describes a novel adaptive fuzzy logic controller based energy management concept (A-FLC-EM) for stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) hybrid system with battery and hydrogen storage path (s. Figure 2).…”

“…Several studies highlight the use of conventional fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) as an effective means of controlling power flows in HESS [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Conventional energy management concepts for stand-alone applications are mainly based on two input variables, the state of charge of the battery storage SOC B , which should stay within certain limits in order to guarantee security of supply and the net power P Net to be balanced on the energy bus.…”

Double Fed Induction Generator Control Design Based on a Fuzzy Logic Controller for an Oscillating Water Column System

“…Actually, it is recommended over methods such as SMC [26]. This framework requires an operator expertise to design and tune the controller action depending on the needs for the system [27].…”

Hierarchical Energy Management of Hybrid Battery Storage Systems for PV Capacity Firming and Spot Market Trading Considering Degradation Costs

“…Furthermore, hybridization provides a way to avoid unfavorable operating conditions while meeting the same requirements. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) consist of different types of energy storage with complementary characteristics, which can be leveraged through appropriate energy management (EM) to achieve higher overall efficiency, longer lifetime, and lower investment costs [10]- [15]. In this study, the two concepts of multi-use and hybridization are combined.…”