Expertise and configural coding in face recognition

Rhodes, Gillian; Brake, Susan; Taylor, Karyn L.; Tan, Shirley

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1989.tb02323.x

Cited by 343 publications

(377 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This common manipulation is thought to differentially disrupt coding subtle variations in the configuration of facial features (Diamond & Carey, 1986;Farah, Tanaka, & Drain, 1995;Rhodes, Brake, & Atkinson, 1993). This configural coding process is considered the hallmark of face coding and is probably the source of our ability to accurately differentiate members of this homogeneous class (Diamond & Carey, 1986;Rhodes, Tan, Brake, & Taylor, 1989). Therefore, if CP depends on expertise-based configural coding, any CP effects that appeared in Experiment I were expected to disappear in the inverted faces in Experiment 2.…”

Section: Testing the Limits Of Cp In Facesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CP effect is significant in both cases and is, The significant CP effect observed in other-race faces suggests that CP in unfamiliar faces generalizes to faces from unfamiliar groups. Given findings by Fallshore and Schooler (1995) and Rhodes et al (1989) implying that configural coding is not present or reduced in other-race faces, it is possible that CP does not depend on the availability ofthis process. This runs counter to recent research suggesting that configural coding underlies the CP effect (Campbell, Pascalis, Coleman, Wallace, & Benson, 1997;de Gelder et aI., 1997).…”

Section: Discrimination Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Categorical perception occurs in newly learned faces, other-race faces, and inverted faces

Levin

Beale

2000

Perception & Psychophysics

112

127

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On the basis of findings that categorical perception (CP) is possible in complex visual stimuli such as faces, the present study tested for CP on continua between unfamiliar face pairs. Results indicate that CP can be observed for unfamiliar faces, in both familiar (same-race) and unfamiliar (other-race) groups. In addition, significant CP effects were observed in inverted faces. Finally, half-continua were tested where midpoint stimuli became endpoints. This was done to ensure that stimulus artifacts did not account for the observed CP effects. Consistent with the perceptual rescaling associated with Cp, half-continua showed a rescaled CP effect. We argue that these CP effects are based on the rapid acquisition of perceptual equivalence classes.Categorical perception (CP) occurs when discriminations between stimuli within one category are more difficult than discriminations between stimuli that span the boundary between categories. The question is, under what conditions does this occur? Initial research suggested that CP would be observed only for naturally occurring continua and was perhaps a sign of innate or highly practiced predispositions to break these continua into equivalence classes (e.g., Liberman, Harris, Kinney, & Lane, 1961). For example, Etcoff and Magee (1992) observed CP on continua between different facial expressions and suggested this supports the hypothesis that the perception of facial expression is innate. However, other findings suggest that such predispositions are not necessary to observe CP. In another study using faces, Beale and Keil (1995) found that participants perceive continua between individual familiar faces categorically. This is the case despite the likelihood that the continua between these faces have never been experienced by participants.IfCP is possible along artificial continua, then hypotheses assuming that CP is a sign of innate or even highly familiar perceptual categories are incorrect. Here, we explore two basic questions about the degree to which CP can be observed in the absence ofprevious learning. First, will it be possible to observe CP on novel continua between endpoints that do not have long-standing represen-The authors thank Robert Goldstone and Bill Merriman for reading drafts of this report and Stevan Hamad and Andy Young for many helpful discussions. Correspondence should be addressed to D. T. Levin, Kent State University, Department of Psychology, Kent Hall, Kent, OH 44121-0001 (e-mail: dlevin@kent.edu). J. M. Beale can be reached at the Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401 (e-mail: bealej@river.it.gvsu.edu).-Accepted by previous editor, Myron L. Braunstein tations associated with them as do familiar faces? A number of recent findings suggest that this kind of representation is not a necessary precondition for CPO This brings up the possibility that CP might be observed on continua between newly learned faces. Second, ifCP occurs on novel continua between novel endpoints, then under what conditions will such effe...

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Section: Testing the Limits Of Cp In Facesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discrimination Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Categorical perception occurs in newly learned faces, other-race faces, and inverted faces

Levin

Beale

2000

Perception & Psychophysics

112

127

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“…To further address concerns about ecological validity, we have replicated robust phenomena in the face literature using the computer generated faces in a second experiment. First, we show superior memory for upright compared to inverted faces (i.e., the face inversion effect; Yin, 1969;see Rossion & Gauthier, 2002, for a review), second we show better recognition memory for own-race than other-race faces (i.e., the cross-race effect; Lindsay, Jack, & Christian, 1991), and finally we show a larger effect of inversion for own-race faces than other-race faces (the interaction between the two; Rhodes, Brake, Taylor, & Tan, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Indeed participants could have based their judgments on low level stimulus features such as contrast or perhaps single features within each face. To determine whether the visual system responds to these computer-generated faces in a manner similar to real faces we attempted to replicate the well known interaction between face inversion and face race in a short memory experiment (Rhodes, Brake, Taylor, & Tan, 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A computer-generated face database with ratings on realism, masculinity, race, and stereotypy

Matheson

McMullen

2010

Behav Res

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Ratings of realism, masculinity, race, and racial stereotypy were collected on a set of computer-generated faces representing European, South East Asian, and African American ethnicities. To determine if these faces are processed in the same way as photographs of real faces, we demonstrated with these faces superior memory performance for upright faces over inverted faces (the face inversion effect). Further, in observers of European decent, we found both superior memory for European faces and a larger inversion effect for European than African American faces. Based on these results, we believe that this set of faces may be of use in perceptual investigations in which race is a critical manipulation.

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“…When doing recognition memory test experiment, after the screen shows pictures, after the examinees pressed the button the picture disappearance and the response button and time are recorded. If no response within 3 seconds, the picture will disappear and this test is considered as non-effective response (Rhodes, 1989).…”

Section: Experiments Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, June 2009, all in one PDF file

IJPS¹

2009

IJPS

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Social behaviours are critical to children's developmental outcomes, yet the evidence may be difficult to interpret from either child self-report or reports by other people. We propose that any distinctions and commonalities among parent and child reports depend on content and context. The materials were reliable indicators of self-concepts and parent reports on children's social behaviour at home from the Rowe Behaviour Rating Inventory. Participants were four-to thirteen-year-old girls and boys, and the parents or primary care-givers, in a selected location close to the Australian national average in socio-economic indicators. Results show that child self-reports and parent reports were generally not associated. The findings support the contextual hypothesis of distinct perspectives by parents and children. Findings also contribute to knowledge of children's social self concepts that has practical considerations for health and education programmes. We conclude that it would be worthwhile to extend this work on dimensions of children's social behaviour at home to cover other behaviours and the perspectives by other key people across diverse socio-economic locations.

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Expertise and configural coding in face recognition

Cited by 343 publications

References 18 publications

Categorical perception occurs in newly learned faces, other-race faces, and inverted faces

Categorical perception occurs in newly learned faces, other-race faces, and inverted faces

A computer-generated face database with ratings on realism, masculinity, race, and stereotypy

International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, June 2009, all in one PDF file

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