Expert assessments on the future of direct current in buildings

Abstract

Increasing adoption of distributed generation, improving power electronics, and growing electronic loads in buildings have led researchers to propose increased use of direct current (DC) power distribution systems in buildings. As these systems have proven safe and reliable in other applications, they are now being considered for more widespread use in commercial and residential buildings. But nontechnical obstacles remain that have not been addressed in the technical engineering and economic analyses conducted thus far. In this paper, we report on an expert elicitation of 17 experts from industry, research organizations, and the implementation or operation of DC systems to better understand the biggest nontechnical challenges to deploying these systems more broadly. Because these challenges vary based on location, the focus of this study is on the United States of America.Results show that the two biggest barriers are industry professionals unfamiliar with DC and small markets for DC devices and components. To address these, experts proposed developing training programs for engineers and electricians, and developing pilot projects to prove the benefits of DC in niche applications where DC power distribution holds a clear advantage over AC Experts also identified lasting and inherent benefits of DC that make these systems better suited to serve future building loads. These include their ability to interface with distributed generation and onsite DC generation sources such as solar photovoltaics, as well as their ability to communicate and supply power over a single distribution line. Finally, experts identified research priorities to make a better case for what appears to be a promising technological solution to safely and reliably powering future buildings.

SmartBuild RecSys: A Recommendation System Based on the Smart Readiness Indicator for Energy Efficiency in Buildings

“…The framework is still in the process of improvement, as the available literature suggests that it might be too subjective [32]. Additionally, it encourages the utilization of digital technologies and electronic systems in buildings, potentially leading to future fire hazards that necessitate attention and resolution [33]. However, for this paper, the focus will be on the type of data that can be taken from an SRI assessment file to develop the RS.…”

Adoption Pathways for DC Power Distribution in Buildings

“…In 2016, a research study for the California Energy Commission solicited stakeholder input on DC power systems through a workshop of approximately 30 participants, electronic surveys with 39 respondents, and 10 detailed interviews with DC system researchers, designers, policymakers, and manufacturers [15]. Glasgo et al [26] conducted telephonic interviews of 17 DC distribution experts and stakeholders to gain a better understanding of the greatest non-technical barriers to the deployment of DC systems. In another study, the United States National Electrical Manufacturers Association surveyed 39 participants (consisting primarily of equipment manufacturers) on the benefits, barriers, and recommendations for DC in buildings.…”

Hybrid Distributed Wind and Battery Energy Storage Systems

“…Such a system can communicate and supply power over a single distribution line, and interconnection with other on-site DC generation sources such as PV is simplified. Experts on the future of direct current in buildings (Glasgo, Azevedo, and Hendrickson 2018) suggest that the two biggest barriers for DC coupling are industry professionals unfamiliar with DC and comparatively small markets for DC devices and components.…”