Experiments with Spears and Arrows on Animal Targets

Archaeological Investigations at the Ice House Site, 41HY161: Early Archaic Technology, Subsistence, and Settlement Along the Balcones Escarpment, Hays County, Texas

“…In some instances, the basal barbs were completely removed resulting in a constricting stem (Flenniken and Raymond 1986). This is in contrast to other use experimenters, who noted that the proximal end was damaged after almost every use, while the base was not damaged 57 percent of the time (Odell and Cowan 1986). The reworking removed some points as types by making them "untyped", while others (33 percent) were changed into the appearance of types separated by several thousand years chronologically.…”

La gestión del utillaje de piedra tallada en el Paleolítico Medio de Galicia. El nivel 3 de Cova Eirós (Triacastela, Lugo)

“…De hecho, los dos ápices reconocidos son en sí mismos los positivos de las fracturas de impacto sufridas por sendas puntas. La signifi catividad de este tipo de fracturas está ampliamente contrastada por estudios experimentales (Bergman y Newcomer 1983;Fischer et al 1984;Odell y Cowan 1986;Dockall 1997;Shea et al 2002;Lombard et al 2004). Las trazas de los elementos de proyectil son desconchados laterales burinantes y distales en lengüeta, fracturas en escalón, otras en el ápice con rebabas que indican la dirección del golpe o fracturas y desconchados proximales, consecuencia del contacto brusco contra el astil en el impacto.…”

Tradition and innovation between the Mesolithic and early Neolithic in the Adige Valley (northeast Italy). New data from a functional analysis of trapezes from the Gaban rock-shelter

“…The homogeneity of the analysed tools and the scarcity of publications regarding use-wear traces on trapezes led us to refer to the article by Fisher et al (1984) and to the wide scientific literature on the functional utilisation of points and microliths (Dockall 1997;Fischer 1990;Kelterborn 2001;Lombard and Pargeter 2008;Odell 1978;Odell and Cowan 1986;Nuzhnyj 1989; in order to define the analytical criteria for our sample. The validity of diagnostic macrotraces as well as the applicability of a 'common' terminology to other non-trapezoidal microliths was evaluated during the analysis and some criteria were integrated and updated on the basis of the specific features of our sample.…”