Experiments with high velocity positive ions. II. -The disintegration of elements by high velocity protons

Cockcroft, John; Walton, E. T. S.

doi:10.1098/rspa.1932.0133

Cited by 159 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The Cockcroft-Walton circuit is basically a voltage multiplier which converts a low voltage level to a high voltage level (Greinacher, 1920;Cockcroft and Walton, 1932;Goebel, 1969). It comprises a multiplier ladder network of 32 H. K. M. Tanaka and A. Sannomiya: Development and operation of a muon detection system capacitors and diodes to generate high voltage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and operation of a muon detection system under extremely high humidity environment for monitoring underground water table

Tanaka

Sannomiya

2013

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. In order to investigate the complex nature of landslides triggered by rainfall, dynamic muon radiography of the motion of the underground water table is planned in a drainage tunnel drilled underneath an estimated fault plane. However, the humidity inside the tunnel is almost 100 %. In order to suppress moisture effects, a scintillation counter with Cockcroft-Walton photomultipler tubes (CW-MPT) was developed and tested at the observation site located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The counter was stably operated for 38 days without gain degrading. Based on the result, we constructed a muon detection system with CWPMTs at the same site and started operation runs. In this work, the data from borehole-based water gauge measurements of the underground water levels were analyzed and discussed. It was confirmed that the comparison between muon and borehole data would be useful.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and operation of a muon detection system under extremely high humidity environment for monitoring underground water table

Tanaka

Sannomiya

2013

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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“…Rutherford discovered the nucleus using his famous 10 MeV alpha particles as probes [36]. Cockroft and Walton used 100 MeV protons to break apart the nucleus [37]. Hofstadter used 550 MeV electrons to observe that the proton had structure [38] which in turn lead to the deep inelastic experiments led by Friedman, Kendall, and Taylor that conclusively established the existence of quarks.…”

Section: Compositenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics reach with CMS at high and super-high luminosities

Rohlf

2004

Eur Phys J C

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Abstract. The physics reach of the Compact Muon Solenoid, under construction to study proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV, is presented at design luminosity of 10 34 cm −2 s −1 and beyond (10 35 cm −2 s −1 ). The sensitivity for detection of the standard-model Higgs boson in the channels qqH (W fusion), WH, and tH is discussed with the result that the Higgs boson is observable in multiple decay modes over entire mass range, 0.1-1 TeV/c 2 . Higgs boson searches for decays involving taus in the context of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model result in a limit of about 0.6 TeV/c 2 at tanβ=25. Sparticle reconstruction for decays containing leptons and jets results in a squark/gluino mass reach in the range 2.5-3 TeV/c 2 . Limits on Kaluza-Klein excitations of the graviton or a new heavy vector boson are in the 5-6 TeV/c 2 range. The scattering of vector bosons at high energy and discovery potential for compositeness is described.

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“…In a PMT, the majority of the current is drawn by the later dynodes, which are at lower voltage. A large savings in power consumption can therefore be realized by supplying only the minimum current needed to the cathode; our solution is to use a Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier circuit [5]. High voltage power supplies based on the Cockcroft-Walton have previously been used to power PMTs (e.g.…”

Section: Photomultiplier Tube Gain and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cockcroft-Walton High-Voltage Power Supply for the EUSO Instruments

Bacholle¹,

Blaksley²,

Gorodetzky³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2015)

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for the JEM-EUSO CollaborationThe future JEM-EUSO instrument is a UV telescope to be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) with the goal of observing Extensive Air Showers created by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic rays. EUSO-balloon is a pathfinder mission for JEM-EUSO which flew in a stratospheric balloon from Timmins, Canada in August 2014. Due to its placement on the ISS, two major specifications of the JEM-EUSO instrument are that: i) the power allocated for the entire instrument should be no more than 1000 W; requiring that the power allocated to polarize the Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) should be less than ∼50 W (using normal resistive voltage dividers requires nearly 2 kW), and ii) the light intensity reaching JEM-EUSO has a dynamic range larger than 10 6 , going from the background illumination (about one photoelectron per pixel per 2.5 µs) up to Transient Luminous objects. Our solution for i) is to use a Cockcroft-Walton circuit to effectively create a separate power supply for each dynode, regrouping identical dynodes at the same power supply. These groups will be at the level of the Elementary Cell (EC, 4 PMTs). The required dynamic range will be provided by a switching circuit, giving an overall dynamic range of 10 6 in steps of 10 2 and in a time of several microseconds. Here we present the Cockcroft-Walton high voltage power supply design used in EUSO-Balloon. This design resulted in a power consumption of 630 mW to polarize the entire EUSO-Balloon focal surface (36 PMTs ), and the switching circuit was capable of reducing the focal surface collection efficiency within 2.5 µs.

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Experiments with high velocity positive ions. II. -The disintegration of elements by high velocity protons

Cited by 159 publications

References 0 publications

Development and operation of a muon detection system under extremely high humidity environment for monitoring underground water table

Development and operation of a muon detection system under extremely high humidity environment for monitoring underground water table

Physics reach with CMS at high and super-high luminosities

A Cockcroft-Walton High-Voltage Power Supply for the EUSO Instruments

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