Experiments With Fundamental Aspects Performed in a Small ECR Ion Source for a New Carbon Therapy Facility

Drentje, A.G.; Kitagawa, A.; Muramatsu, M.

doi:10.1109/tps.2008.917521

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In this regard, the gas mixing effect is being studied. 15 There are many developments not only on ECRISs but also other types of ion sources for different schemes of heavy ion acceleration. In order to reduce the size of the main accelerator, a superconducting cyclotron has been developed for p-RT and HI-RT.…”

Section: Developments For Future Charged-particle Radiotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of ion sources for medical accelerators (invited)

Muramatsu¹,

Kitagawa²

2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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There are two major medical applications of ion accelerators. One is a production of short-lived isotopes for radionuclide imaging with positron emission tomography and single photon emission computer tomography. Generally, a combination of a source for negative ions (usually H- and/or D-) and a cyclotron is used; this system is well established and distributed over the world. Other important medical application is charged-particle radiotherapy, where the accelerated ion beam itself is being used for patient treatment. Two distinctly different methods are being applied: either with protons or with heavy-ions (mostly carbon ions). Proton radiotherapy for deep-seated tumors has become widespread since the 1990s. The energy and intensity are typically over 200 MeV and several 1010 pps, respectively. Cyclotrons as well as synchrotrons are utilized. The ion source for the cyclotron is generally similar to the type for production of radioisotopes. For a synchrotron, one applies a positive ion source in combination with an injector linac. Carbon ion radiotherapy awakens a worldwide interest. About 6000 cancer patients have already been treated with carbon beams from the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Japan. These clinical results have clearly verified the advantages of carbon ions. Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center and Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center have been successfully launched. Several new facilities are under commissioning or construction. The beam energy is adjusted to the depth of tumors. It is usually between 140 and 430 MeV/u. Although the beam intensity depends on the irradiation method, it is typically several 108 or 109 pps. Synchrotrons are only utilized for carbon ion radiotherapy. An ECR ion source supplies multi-charged carbon ions for this requirement. Some other medical applications with ion beams attract developer's interests. For example, the several types of accelerators are under development for the boron neutron capture therapy. This treatment is conventionally demonstrated by a nuclear reactor, but it is strongly expected to replace the reactor by the accelerator. We report status of ion source for medical application and such scope for further developments.

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Section: Developments For Future Charged-particle Radiotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of ion sources for medical accelerators (invited)

Muramatsu¹,

Kitagawa²

2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…46 It is also important to shorten the switching time for supplying the beam between different ion species. In order to prevent the anti-wall-coating effect, and to suppress particle fluxes becoming charged on the wall, instead of a dielectric surface, the use of cylindrical electrodes which apply a voltage are under development.…”

Section: Development For Future Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on heavy ion radiotherapy facilities and related ion sources (invited)

Kitagawa¹,

Fujita²,

Muramatsu³

et al. 2010

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Heavy ion radiotherapy awakens worldwide interest recently. The clinical results obtained by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Japan have clearly demonstrated the advantages of carbon ion radiotherapy. Presently, there are four facilities for heavy ion radiotherapy in operation, and several new facilities are under construction or being planned. The most common requests for ion sources are a long lifetime and good stability and reproducibility. Sufficient intensity has been achieved by electron cyclotron resonance ion sources at the present facilities.

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“…Furthermore, from the early 2000s, in order to control and reduce ion losses due to diffusion phenomena several attempts have been made to design a set of polarized electrodes positioned on the lateral surface of the plasma chamber [14,15]. Although the operating principle has been fully demonstrated by several experiments [15], no set-up able to ensure long term operations has yet been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and preliminary tests of an Active Plasma Chamber for ECR Ion Sources

Odorici,

Castro,

Leonardi

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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An innovative plasma chamber for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) has been developed at INFN and will soon be installed and tested with the AISHa (Advanced Ion Source for Hadrontherapy) ion source. It consists in inserting a particular liner into the existing chamber, which allows an electrical segmentation of the internal walls of the chamber. The purpose of this system is to reduce the ion losses induced by the anisotropic diffusion mechanism, to improve the plasma confinement and thus to increase the overall performance of the ion source. In fact, in ECRIS plasmas, electrons mostly diffuse along magnetic field lines while ions mostly leak across the same lines. In particular, the inner walls of the plasma chamber are covered with 30 tiles, each one polarized to a proper positive voltage. The tiles are made of Al-6082 and anodized except for the surface directly facing the plasma. The anodizing process makes each tile electrically insulated from the others and from the plasma chamber while preserving the correct operation of the cooling system. The tiles are wrapped by 2 half-cylinders made of Al-6082 acting as shells. Some tiles are equipped of a temperature sensor and machined to allow the wiring of the entire system. In this work the results of the preliminary tests of the thermal and electrical behaviour of the active chamber and the future perspectives are presented.

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Experiments With Fundamental Aspects Performed in a Small ECR Ion Source for a New Carbon Therapy Facility

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

A review of ion sources for medical accelerators (invited)

A review of ion sources for medical accelerators (invited)

Review on heavy ion radiotherapy facilities and related ion sources (invited)

Design and preliminary tests of an Active Plasma Chamber for ECR Ion Sources

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