Experiments on Water and Salt Diuresis

The absorption and excretion of water by the mammal. Part I.—The relation between absorption of water and its excretion by the innervated and denervated kidney

“…W ith respect to the first source, a study of the work of Chiarolanza (1908), Blix (1916), Motzfeldt (1917) and Smirk (1932) in the rabbit, of Rioch (1930) in the dog, and of Priestley (1916Priestley ( ,1921, Rioch (1927) and Govaerts and Cambier (1930, a, b) in man, suggests to us th a t absorption of water is advancing rapidly a t a time when the kidney has not begun to respond. W ith respect to the second, it seems to us possible, in view of the work of Brodie and Vogt (1909) th a t the early increases in gaseous metabolism in man following water-ingestion, as recorded by Cannon, Queridoj B ritton and Bright (1927), by Lublin (1928), and by Grollman (1929), and their common antecedence to the increases in rate of urine-flow, are not unrelated to an early and rapid absorption of water from the small intestine.…”

The Response of Normal Individuals and Patients With Diabetes Insipidus to the Ingestion of Water 1

“…Macallum and Benson (21) and Siebeck (33) noted no drop in the erythrocyte count following the ingestion of water but Daniel and Hogler (9) reported dilutions to 12 per cent. In the experiments of Engel and Scharl (12), Priestley (28) and Rioch (30) the refractive index of serum did not change significantly throughout the course of water diuresis, and Strauss and Chajes (37), Brunn (6) Rioch (30,31), Fremont-Smith, Putnam and Cobb (14), Smirk (34,36)). Jones (18) found but the slightest drop in blood specific gravity after drinking water; Verney (40) no change in plasma colloidal osmotic pressure; Daniel and Hogler (9) and Rioch (30) (29), Davis (10), Marx (24), Brahn and Bielschowsky (5), Rioch (31), Fremont-Smith et al (14) and Smirk (34,36) indicate that a drop of 1 to 2 per cent may be expected to accompany water diuresis.…”

“…Priestley (29) maintained that the increased diffusion pressure of blood water directly depresses the capacity of the renal tubule to reabsorb water; but Verney and his associates (19), stressing the similarity between the polyurias of water diuresis, the isolated kidney and diabetes insipidus, have emphasized the importance of the time interval that separates the disappearance of the water from the gut and its reappearance in the urine. By a variety of methods, the important fact has been established that the peak of diuresis does not occur until well after the maximum decrease in the total molecular concentration of plasma has been passed (Marx (24), Rioch (30,31), Dresel and Leitner (11), Fee (13), Verney (40), Bayliss and Fee (3), Heller and Smirk (17), Verney and associates (19), Smirk (34,35,36), Newton and Smirk (27)). Rioch, for example, found that the maximum dilution of blood electrolytes preceded maximum diuresis by 15 to 20 minutes; Verney that the maximum water load of the body was attained about 15 minutes before the peak of diuresis; Newton and Smirk that the average diuresis did not begin until 40 minutes after the administration of water, that maximum elimination was reached in 126 minutes, and that a 20 minute lag existed between the maximum water load and the peak of diuresis.…”