Experiments on Selective Withdrawal of a Codirectional Two-Layer Flow through a Line Sink

Experimental investigation on turbidity current venting under restrained outflow discharges

“…While the plateau shows that steady conditions are reached next to the outlet due to the arrival of the steady body of the current and the fact that the muddy lake formed at the beginning of the venting has partly settled and partly been reflected upstream. This trend was qualitatively predicted by Yu et al (2004). Values of the concentrations in this constant zone give a close idea of the concentrations in the steady body of the current reaching the outlet.…”

“…The outflow discharge, venting timing, and outlet elevation are among the most discussed parameters in literature (Morris & Fan 1997, Yu et al 2004, Fan 2008, Lee et al 2014. However, other parameters of morphological and topographical nature such as the watershed's soil type and the slope of the thalweg which can have a direct effect on the characteristics (e.g.…”

“…Many researchers emphasized the importance of investigating venting of turbidity currents (Ren & ning 1985, Morris & Fan 1997, Batuca & Jordaan 2000 but very few (e.g. Yu et al 2004, Fan 2008, Wan et al 2010, Lee et al 2014) did quantitative research on the subject. Thus, a lack of research and knowledge exist in the field of turbidity currents venting.…”

Management of turbidity current venting in reservoirs under different bed slopes

“…Examples include the Dez Dam in Iran (Schleiss et al, 2010), the Iril Emda reservoir in Algeria (Raud, 1958), the Elephant Butte reservoir in the USA (Lara, 1960), and the Großs€ olk reservoir in Austria (Schneider et al, 2007) among others. However, systematic research on venting turbidity currents is still lacking and very few experimental studies (Chamoun et al, 2017;Fan, 1986;Lee et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2004) were carried out and published. Dam operators still miss the required knowledge needed for an optimal performance of venting operations.…”

Entry angle at a line sink during withdrawal from a two-layer flow

“…In a number of these situations, it is important to withdraw fluid of known properties [18]. Selective withdrawal is usually used in reservoirs, either for sluicing out sediment from the muddy lake or taking in clear water from the upper-layer for domestic utilities [19]. In the cooling ponds of power stations, control structures are designed for selective withdrawal such that only the coolest water is taken, and these ponds frequently consists of two distinct layers [18].…”