Experiments on Saltation of Sand in Water

Niño, Yarko; García, Marcelo H.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1998)124:10(1014)

Cited by 107 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the present paper, the comparison of the calculated data with experiments of Nino and Garcia (1998) conducted with natural sand of 0.5 mm in diameter shows that, even for such relatively small particles, the turbulent fluctuations' effect on the saltation parameters is insignificant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…For the saltation of natural sand particles in water, the mean value of the incident angle to the bed level is usually about 8-15 degrees (e.g. Nino and Garcia (1998)), and the bedparticle collision is most often oblique.…”

Section: Definition Of the Contact Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, from the physical point of view, the saltation process is essentially three-dimensional. In particular, particle-bed collision is the main mechanism producing the lateral dispersion of the saltating particles (Nino and Garcia, 1998;Chara and Vlasak, 2000), which can be described only by the 3D pattern of particle motion. Similarly, the particle motion in a channel with a laterally sloping bed can be calculated only using a 3D model (Lukerchenko et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Numerical Model of the Spherical Particle Saltation in a Channel with a Rough Fixed Bed

Lukerchenko¹,

Piatsevich²,

Vlasák³

et al. 2009

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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The paper describes a 3D numerical model of the spherical particle saltation. Two stages of particle saltation were distinguished -the particle free motion in water and the particle-bed collision. The particle motion consists of the translational and rotational particle motion. A stochastic method of calculation of the particle-bed collision was developed. The collision height and the contact point were defined as random variables. Impulse equations were used and the translational and angular velocity components of the moving particle immediately after the collision were expressed as functions of the velocity components just before the collision. The dimensionless coefficients of the drag force and drag torque were determined as functions of both translational and rotational Reynolds numbers. The model is in good agreement with known experimental data. Examples of calculation of the particles' lateral dispersion and the mean absolute values of the deviation angle of the particle trajectory are presented. Studie popisuje 3D numerický model saltačního pohybu kulovité částice, v němž jsou uvažována dvě fáze saltačního pohybu -volný pohyb částice v proudící vodě a kolise částice se dnem. Model počítá s translačním i rotačním pohybem částice. Byla vyvinuta stochastická metoda výpočtu kolise částice se dnem. Kolizní výška a kontaktní bod byly definovány jako náhodné proměnné. Byla použita soustava momentových rovnic a složky translační a rotační rychlosti pohybující se částice po kolizi byly vyjádřeny jako funkce složek rychlosti těsně před kolizí. Bezrozměrné koeficienty odporu částice a odporu rotující částice byly určeny jako funkce translačního i rotačního Reynoldsova čísla částice. Výsledky modelu jsou v dobré shodě se známými experimentálními daty. Studie presentuje příklady výpočtu příčné disperze částice a střední absolutní hodnoty deviačního úhlu trajektorie částice.KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA: 3D model saltace, pohyb splavenin, kolise částice-dno, rotace částic, příčná disperze částic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Definition Of the Contact Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

3D Numerical Model of the Spherical Particle Saltation in a Channel with a Rough Fixed Bed

Lukerchenko¹,

Piatsevich²,

Vlasák³

et al. 2009

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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show abstract

“…More references can be found in recent reviews on Aeolian transport (Durán et al 2011, Kok et al 2012, Valance et al 2015. Saltation may also be relevant in aquatic flows (Fernandez Luque & van Beek 1976, Abbot & Francis 1977, Ancey et al 2002, Niño & García 1998. The differences in saltation occur because of the difference in the mass density of the material of the grains relative to that of air and water and the differences in the kinematic viscosities of the two fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic saltation over hydrodynamically rough beds: aeolian to aquatic

2015

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We determine approximate, analytical solutions for average, periodic trajectories of particles that are accelerated by the turbulent shearing of a fluid between collisions with a hydrodynamically rough bed. We indicate how the viscosity of the fluid may influence the collisions with the bed. The approximate solutions compare well with periodic solutions for average periodic trajectories over rigid-bumpy and erodible beds that are generated numerically. The analytic solutions permit the determination of the relations between the particle flux and the strength of the shearing flow over a range of particle and fluid properties that vary between those for sand in air and sand in water.

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“…Fine sediments can be divided into two categories, deposited and suspended sediments. Biologists generally recognize these two components of the sediment load based on their effects on stream organisms (Waters 1995 Saltation, also known as bedload transport, is defined as the movement of particles colliding with the bed (Nino, and Garcia 1998). Velocity regime and stream slope affect whether sediments are entrained or left stationary (Castro and Reckendorf 1995).…”

Section: Sediment Properties and Movement In Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Fine Sediment on Stream Macroinvertebrates in Urban and Rural Oregon Streams

Hoy¹

2000

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Rural Oregon Streams.Urbanization, often characterized by high impervious surface area, can result in excessive inputs of fine sediments into urban streams. Excessive fine sediments can blanket the stream bed filling the interstitial space in the substratum, which may haye adverse effects on stream biota. A field survey was conducted in Oregon urban and non-urban basins to investigate the relationship between fine sediments and stream macroinvertebrates. Physical, chemical, and biological data were collected from 59 stream sites in two urban and two rural streams. The stream sites fulfilled a continuous sediment gradient, which ranged from a low of 2% of fine sediment in the substrate to a high of 64% with an average of 22%. The % fines, in Clear Creek (rural basin) was significantly lower than in the urban basins (Johnson Creek and Tryon Creek) (p=0.OO5). Johnson Creek (mean=23%) had approximately three times m<;>re fine sediment than Clear Creek (mean=7%), while Tryon Creek (mean=32%) had nearly five times as much fine sediment as Clear Creek. EPT taxa richness was significantly higher in both rural streams than in both urban streams (pO.OS). For example, regression analysis of EPT taxa richness vs. % fine sediments displayed a coefficient of determination (r2) value of 0.2. Other macro invertebrates metrics displayed similar patterns. The lack of significant correlations may be due to the cumulative effect of basin-wide "historical land use past". Past land use activity may have resulted in long-term reductions of sensitive taxa in the basin taxa pool and efforts to improve local habitats may not be quickly colonized by pollution sensitive taxa. Long-term degradation to the urban streams resulted in a relatively homogenous assemblage of macro invertebrates , which may have confounded the quantitative relationship between sediments and macroinvertebrates. This study suggests there is a clear difference between urban and non-urban streams in terms of macro invertebrates, which may be likely due to sediments, but the quantitative relationship between fine sediments and macro invertebrates is weak.

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Experiments on Saltation of Sand in Water

Cited by 107 publications

References 25 publications

3D Numerical Model of the Spherical Particle Saltation in a Channel with a Rough Fixed Bed

3D Numerical Model of the Spherical Particle Saltation in a Channel with a Rough Fixed Bed

Periodic saltation over hydrodynamically rough beds: aeolian to aquatic

The Impact of Fine Sediment on Stream Macroinvertebrates in Urban and Rural Oregon Streams

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