Experiments on Mass Exchange between Groin Fields and Main Stream in Rivers

Weitbrecht, Volker; Socolofsky, Scott A.; Jirka, Gerhard H.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2008)134:2(173)

Cited by 104 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Sequences of man-made lateral cavities, termed groyne fields, also can be found in rivers and are separated by groynes. Groynes are engineered structures comprised of either gravel, stone, earth, or piles and built at an angle to river banks to prevent bank erosion, encourage channel scouring for ship navigation, and enhance sediment storage for fish and vegetation biodiversity (Uijttewaal et al, 2001;Uijttewaal, 2005;Engelhardt et al, 2004;McCoy et al, 2007;Weitbrecht et al, 2008;Yossef and De Vriend, 2011). The flow features associated with lateral cavities are complex and vary, depending on whether the flow obstruction creating the lateral cavity is emergent or submerged.…”

Section: Lateral Cavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first quantity to the right of τ is the mean residence time derived by Langmuir (1908), the second quantity to the right of τ is the predictive mean residence time formulated by Uijttewaal et al (2001), and the entrainment hypothesis assumes that E = k U . The entrainment coefficient has a range of variability (between 0.01 and 0.04) based on field and experimental studies (Valentine and Wood, 1977;Seo and Maxwell, 1992;Wallast et al, 1999;Uijttewaal et al, 2001;Kurzke et al, 2002;Weitbrecht and Jirka, 2001b;McCoy et al, 2006;Hinterberger et al, 2007;Chang et al, 2007;Weitbrecht et al, 2008;Constantinescu et al, 2009;Jackson et al, 2012). The range of variability measured for the entrainment coefficient is due to the exclusion of parameters, such as streambed roughness, lateral cavity shape, and vegetative drag (Jackson et al, 2012).…”

Section: Emergent Lateral Cavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A fluid-mechanics based classification scheme for surface transient storage in riverine environments: quantitatively separating surface from hyporheic transient storage

Jackson

Haggerty

Apte

2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Surface transient storage (STS) and hyporheic transient storage (HTS) have functional significance in stream ecology and hydrology. Currently, tracer techniques couple STS and HTS effects on stream nutrient cycling; however, STS resides in localized areas of the surface stream and HTS resides in the hyporheic zone. These contrasting environments result in different storage and exchange mechanisms with the surface stream, which can yield contrasting results when comparing transient storage effects among morphologically diverse streams. We propose a fluid mechanics approach to quantitatively separate STS from HTS that involves classifying and studying different types of STS. As a starting point, a classification scheme is needed. This paper introduces a classification scheme that categorizes different STS in riverine systems based on their flow structure. Eight STS types are identified and some are subcategorized based on characteristic mean flow structure: (1) lateral cavities (emergent and submerged); (2) protruding in-channel flow obstructions (backward-and forward-facing step); (3) isolated in-channel flow obstructions (emergent and submerged); (4) cascades and riffles; (5) aquatic vegetation (emergent and submerged); (6) pools (vertically submerged cavity, closed cavity, and recirculating reservoir); (7) meander bends; and (8) confluence of streams. The long-term goal is to use the classification scheme presented to develop predictive mean residence times for different STS using fieldmeasurable hydromorphic parameters and obtain an effective STS mean residence time. The effective STS mean residence time can then be deconvolved from the transient storage residence time distribution (measured from a tracer test) to obtain an estimate of HTS mean residence time.

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Section: Lateral Cavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emergent Lateral Cavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fluid-mechanics based classification scheme for surface transient storage in riverine environments: quantitatively separating surface from hyporheic transient storage

Jackson

Haggerty

Apte

2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The secondary gyre in CASE R1 is mainly located in the inner corner of upstream side with small size, and it is also located as a pair in the upstream and downstream sides when the plane is close to the channel bottom. The stream from upstream dissipates and transports the energy through the mixing effect with the inflow from the inner zone of box groyne, to form the mixing layer with arc shape, where the mixing process is dominated by large coherent structure (LCS) 6) . In particular, the water particle mingles with strong three dimensional characters at the tip of first groyne.…”

Section: I_56mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…v 6) introduced a calculating method to determine the mass exchange coefficient k by instantaneous data of PIV, as follows:…”

Section: (2) Exchange Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Longitudinal Block on Flow Structures Around Box Groyne

Feng

Tominaga

2012

J. JSCE

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A box groyne is composed of various types of single groyne to satisfy the different river ecological requirements. Fewer studies are available for the flow structure around box groyne with different single shaped groyne. The flow velocity near typical box groynes with a longitudinal block, which is composed by straight and L-shape groyne, are measured by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) under emerged flow in horizontal plane. The paper shows experimental results of flow patterns for this box groyne. Due to the longitudinal block of box groyne limits the generation and development of the large coherent structure in the groyne field, flow periodicity and the capacity of mass exchange with main stream are significantly different between these types of box groyne. The placement of block obviously influences the number and scale of circulating flow inside the box groyne field, because of the distribution difference of vortex structure in longitudinal profile of mixing layer.

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“…Uijttewaal et al(2001) measured distribution of dye concentration and pointed out that aspect ratio of side cavity has significant effects on exchange rate of mass between the mainstream and the dead water zone. Weitbrecht et al(2007) have also conducted laboratory measurements, in which distribution of velocity components and dye were obtained. They examined the relation between the exchange rate and the bed configuration of the cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic Effects of Sedimentation on Mass Transport Properties in Dead Water Zone of Natural Rivers

Sanjou¹

2011

Sediment Transport in Aquatic Environments

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Experiments on Mass Exchange between Groin Fields and Main Stream in Rivers

Cited by 104 publications

References 25 publications

A fluid-mechanics based classification scheme for surface transient storage in riverine environments: quantitatively separating surface from hyporheic transient storage

A fluid-mechanics based classification scheme for surface transient storage in riverine environments: quantitatively separating surface from hyporheic transient storage

Effect of Longitudinal Block on Flow Structures Around Box Groyne

Hydrodynamic Effects of Sedimentation on Mass Transport Properties in Dead Water Zone of Natural Rivers

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