Experiments on chemistry of element 104-kurchatovium—V

Zvára, I.; Chuburkov, Yu.T.; Belov, V.Z.; Buklanov, G. V.; Zakhvataev, B.B.; Zvarova, T.S.; Maslov, O. D.; Caletka, R.; Shalaevsky, M.R.

doi:10.1016/0022-1902(70)80598-x

Cited by 65 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…Experimental conditions for these experiments and the number of fission tracks recorded in the mica detectors are given in Table 3 In this second series of 1969 chemical experiments, [33] in essential correspondence with the previous series, [31] the distribution of fission tracks in the mica detector column (Fig. 11) was stated to "imply a half-life of somewhat less than one second.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

A History and Analysis of the Discovery of Elements 104 and 105

1987

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mentioning

confidence: 76%

A History and Analysis of the Discovery of Elements 104 and 105

1987

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“…Various chemical procedures have been devised to investigate the chemical properties of the transactinides. These experiments include solution chemistry using chromatographic and solvent extraction techniques and volatility studies of both the elemental form [8] and of the halides [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] using on-line gas chromatographic techniques. Results from gas chromatography measurements are more useful for comparison to relativistic molecular orbital calculations since solvent interactions do not play a part in the chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line Gas Chromatographie Studies of Chlorides of Rutherfordium and Homologs Zr and Hf

Kadkhodayan¹,

Türler

Gregorich

et al. 1996

Radiochimica Acta

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Gas-phase isothermal chromatography is a method by which volatile compounds of different chemical elements can be separated. The technique, coupled with theoretical modeling of the processes occurring in the chromatography column, provides information about thermodynamic properties (e.g., adsorption enthalpies) for compounds of elements, such as the transactinides, which can only be produced on an atom-at-a-time basis. In addition, the chemical selectivity of the isothermal chromatography technique provides the decontamination from interfering activities necessary for determination of the nuclear decay properties of the isotopes of these elements.The 261 Rf of 78:¿'-s has been measured. Measurements were performed on chloride species of Rf and its group 4 homologs, Zr and Hf and on Zrbromides using the Heavy Element Volatility Instrument (HEVI). Adsorption enthalpies were calculated for all species using a Monte Carlo code simulation based on a microscopic model for gas thermochromatography in open columns with laminar flow of the carrier gas and the following adsorption enthalpies for the group 4 chlorides were obtained for quartz surfaces: Zr(-74±5 kJ/mol), Hf (-96±5 kJ/mol) and Rf (-'77±6 kJ/mol). These results indicate that Rf deviates from the trend expected based on extrapolation of the Zr and Hf values. Further calculations are needed to assess whether this is due to relativistic effects in the transactinide region.

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“…Already these first experiments showed that element 104 has properties in agreement with its predicted position as the first transactinide and member of group 4 of the PTE [51,52,145,146]. Over about half a century, our knowledge about chemical properties of SHE has advanced significantly.…”

Section: Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This technique was successfully applied in pioneering gas-phase chemistry experiments of Rf and Db by Zvara and coworkers [50,53,58,96,145,146]. Continuously operating gas-phase separations -isothermal ones, like the On-Line Gas chromatographic Apparatus (OLGA II) [147], and the ones with temperature gradients -were extremely instrumental in studying the formation of halide and oxide compounds of the transactinides Rf through Bh and to investigate their characteristic retention time -a measure very often expressed as a "volatility".…”

Section: Techniques and Instruments For Gas-phase Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soon, these physical experiments were complemented by chemical studies to determine first chemical properties for a comparison with expected ones from its position in the Periodic Table and to support discovery claims [50-53, 145, 146]. 30 years later, the TWG concluded [3] that "The chemical experiments in Dubna ( [145] with [146]) and the Berkeley experiments [158] were essentially contemporaneous and each show that element 104 had been produced. Credit should be shared.…”

Section: Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemistry of superheavy elements

Schädel

2012

Radiochimica Acta

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Summary. The chemistry of superheavy elements -or transactinides from their position in the Periodic Table -is summarized. After giving an overview over historical developments, nuclear aspects about synthesis of neutron-rich isotopes of these elements, produced in hot-fusion reactions, and their nuclear decay properties are briefly mentioned. Specific requirements to cope with the one-atom-at-a-time situation in automated chemical separations and recent developments in aqueous-phase and gas-phase chemistry are presented. Exciting, current developments, first applications, and future prospects of chemical separations behind physical recoil separators ("pre-separator") are discussed in detail. The status of our current knowledge about the chemistry of rutherfordium (Rf, element 104), dubnium (Db, element 105), seaborgium (Sg, element 106), bohrium (Bh, element 107), hassium (Hs, element 108), copernicium (Cn, element 112), and element 114 is discussed from an experimental point of view. Recent results are emphasized and compared with empirical extrapolations and with fully-relativistic theoretical calculations, especially also under the aspect of the architecture of the Periodic Table.

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Experiments on chemistry of element 104-kurchatovium—V

Cited by 65 publications

References 1 publication

A History and Analysis of the Discovery of Elements 104 and 105

A History and Analysis of the Discovery of Elements 104 and 105

On-line Gas Chromatographie Studies of Chlorides of Rutherfordium and Homologs Zr and Hf

Chemistry of superheavy elements

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