Experiments and modelling:- An overview with particular reference to fire engulfment

Modeling the performance of coated LPG tanks engulfed in fires

“…Although several simplified models [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and some more detailed approaches [22][23][24] were proposed in the literature for the calculation of the time to failure of LPG tanks engulfed by fires, scarce work was done to understand in detail the effects of protective coatings on the time to failure of pressurized tanks. In the present study, an approach based on finite element modeling (FEM) was selected to explore the problem.…”

Assessment of domino effect: State of the art and research Needs

“…Based on these studies, several lumped parameters models are now available in the literature for the assessment of the thermal response of both the vessel and its content when invested by a heat load (Landucci et al, 2009a;Birk, 2006;Persaud et al, 2001;Hadjisophocleous et al, 1990;Moodie, 1988;Graves, 1973;Forrest, 1985;Beynon et al, 1988;Birk, 1988;Ramskill, 1988;Birk and Leslie, 1991;Johnson, 1998;Shebeko et al, 2000;Salzano et al, 2003;Gong et al, 2004). These models are in general dedicated to the assessment of the resistance of horizontal cylindrical vessels storing liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to engulfing fires, aiming at the prediction of the wall temperature rise and the vessel internal pressure.…”

“…However, modelling the failure mechanisms of equipment affected by heat load due to fires is a very complex task. Semi-empirical correlations and simplified criteria for the estimation of vessel time to failure were proposed (Moodie, 1988), as well as more complex twodimensional and three-dimensional (3D) models are also available in the literature (Hadjisophocleous et al, 1990;Venart, 1986).…”

“…The study of Moodie (1988) was aimed at the effects of fire engulfment due to pool fire. The work of Birk and co-workers (Birk, 1988;1995;1996;Leslie and Birk, 1991;Birk and Cunningham, 1994) addressed the experimental analysis of the catastrophic failure of pressurized vessels for liquefied gas storage engulfed by fire.…”

Experimental and numerical methodology for the analysis of fireproofing materials

“…Even if the model does not take into account some aspects which affect vessels resistance to fires, which would require advanced modeling (Birk, 1999(Birk, , 2005Moodie, 1988;Venart, 1986Venart, , 1999) (e.g., increasing vessel pressure due to heat load, inner fluid behavior, increasing dilatation stress or stress intensification due to the support framework, etc. ), the simulation results, through the use of Fig.…”