Experiments and evaluation of public policies: Methods, implementation, and challenges

Abstract

Evidence-based policymaking is all about developing and implementing better public policies. Although the logic underpinning this philosophy is simple, the practicalities of demonstrating causal effects of a public policy are much more complex. In recent years, there has been a wave of optimism about the usefulness of experimental approaches to public policy evaluation which mimics the clean, causal inferences observed in clinical trials. Although these methods, such as randomised controlled trials, have been widely advocated and implemented, they are not without their potential problems. In this paper, we consider the strengths, weaknesses, and challenges posed by the revolution in policy evaluation brought about by embracing experimental methods. K E Y W O R D Scausal inference, evidence-based public policy, randomised controlled trials Aust J Publ Admin. 2020;79:259-268.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/aupa

From Axiomatics Method to Multiple Axiomatics Method – Q.E. (Quantification of Everything) Method

“…The mathematical and non-mathematical economic approaches are fundamentally the same thing. Both try to cover the initial assumptions in the final results (de Vasconcelos et al, 2019;Feinschreiber, 2004;Gong et al, 2020;Jensen, 2020;Kartini et al, 2019). Therefore, the mainstream idea is the same for both.…”

Synopsis of Principles for the Authorities and Controlled Transactions

“…Then, the determination of the cost sharing depends on the periodic check of companies that are tested parties. The scope of the companies of controlled transactions is to face the issues that are connected with the taxation of their activities (Arbel et al, 2019;Azzone, 2018;Blundell & Preston, 2019;Bowling et al, 2019;Challoumis, 2018c;Dancygier & Laitin, 2014;Davidson, 2020;Dollery & Worthington, 1996;Fronzaglia et al, 2019;Grabs et al, 2020;Jensen, 2020;Jeon et al, 2020;Laplane & Mazzucato, 2020;Mancuso & Moreira, 2013;Nielsen et al, 2019;Oueslati, 2015;Scholvin & Malamud, 2020). Then, the requirements for the companies of controlled transactions with the tax authorities should be in the range of the arm's length principle (Challoumis, 2018a(Challoumis, , 2018c(Challoumis, , 2019d(Challoumis, , 2019b(Challoumis, , 2021j, 2023r, 2023j, 2023ad, 2023t, 2023aa, 2023a(Challoumis, , 2024b.…”