Experimentell erregte Traumbilder in ihren Beziehungen zum indirekten Sehen

Abstract

Aus dem psychologischen I~boratorium der neurologischen Station ffir Kopf.verlctzungen in Wien [Prof. Dr. Alfred Fuchs].) Mit 19 Textfiguren (photographischen Illustrationcn yon Karl Grail).

The unified theory of repression

“…It is also possible that the protracted effort at repression fails -there is no guarantee that any defense will work -and the patient may never succeed at inhibiting the traumatic material. Further, even if success at inhibitory repression is eventually achieved, resulting in diminution of accessible memory over time, there is no guarantee that at a later juncture there might not be a "return of the repressed" (e.g., Freud 1900Freud / 19531917/1963 or a "spontaneous recovery" (Pavlov 1927) of some of the material (see also Schacter 1996).…”

“…Even so, ambiguities and semantic drifts pervade the subject, both in the current literature (see, e.g., the variegated commentaries on Malcolm Macmillan's [2001] article on interpretation) and in Freud's own writings. Freud routinely defines the dream work as the set of techniques by which the latent content is transformed into the manifest content (e.g., Freud 1900Freud /19531917/1963. In his book on jokes, Freud (1905Freud ( /1958 demonstrates that jokes and dreams employ the "same psychical processes" (p. 88) and that "the joke work is doing the same thing as the dream work," namely (in the case of "tendentious jokes," involving sex or hostility) transforming the "forbidden" or "hidden meaning" into "the outer shell, the façade of the joke" (p. 55), that is, its "surface meaning" (Freud 1917(Freud /1961(Freud /1963).…”

Studies on the Nature of Suggestion1: Part I Experimental Induction of Dreams by Direct Suggestion

“…I believe that these experiments may have been dream suggestion experiments, and that the instruction to record any dreams that occurred after the presentation of the pictures was in effect a command to dream about the pictures. Poetzl (25) and Rlalamud and Linder (21) and Rlalamud (20), who repeated Poctzl's work with a modified technique, failed to explain why the subjects dreamed about the pictures at all. Poetzl obtained a positive result in 75% of his experiments.…”

“…Another investigation which may have some relevance for the problem of dreams and suggestion is the classical work of Poetzl (25) on the effect of tachystoscopically-presented pictures on dreams. He exposed pictures of landscapes and street scenes to normal subjects for 1/100 of a second.…”

Implications of Recent Dream Research

“…This was confirmed experimentally by Dement sixty-eight years later (14), but there was no further elaboration of this speculation at that time. Another early experiment was carried out by Potzl, who was able to demonstrate in 1917 in his tachistoscopic experiments the incorporation of unconsciously percieved day residues into the manifest dream content (55); his findings were verified almost forty years later by Fisher (22).…”