Experimentally Shock‐Induced Melt Veins in Basalt: Improving the Shock Classification of Eucrites

Ono, Hirokuni; Kurosawa, Kosuke; Tomioka, Naotaka; Mikouchi, T.; Tomioka, Naotaka; Isa, J.; Kagi, Hiroyuki; Matsuzaki, Takuya; Sakuma, Hiroshi; Genda, Hidenori; Sakaiya, Tatsuhiro; Kondo, Tadashi; Kayama, Masahiro; Koike, Masao; Sano, Yuji; Satake, W.; Matsui, Takafumi

doi:10.1029/2022gl101009

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…(2022) and Ono et al. (2023) and therefore only briefly describe key setups here. Ejection of shocked material was prevented and recovery of shocked samples that retain their pre‐impact stratigraphy was facilitated by inserting the granite cylinders into cylindrical titanium containers that were covered by detachable 3‐mm‐thick titanium plates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The granite's bulk composition and the compositions of the feldspars and of biotite are given in Table S1 in Supporting Information S1. We used the same experimental setup as that of Kurosawa et al (2022) and Ono et al (2023) and therefore only briefly describe key setups here. Ejection of shocked material was prevented and recovery of shocked samples that retain their pre-impact stratigraphy was facilitated by inserting the granite cylinders into cylindrical titanium containers that were covered by detachable 3-mm-thick titanium plates.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we report on shock‐recovery experiments with a recently developed technique (Kurosawa et al., 2022; Ono et al., 2023) that allows us to produce a single hemispherical shock wave in a rock sample that can be fully recovered (i.e., ejection of material is suppressed). As outlined here, the recovered samples document a continuum of shock stages that form as a result of successively decreasing peak pressures as the shock wave decays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evidence for Shear‐Induced Melting and Generation of Stishovite in Granite at Low (<18 GPa) Shock Pressure

et al. 2023

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Knowledge of the shock behavior of planetary materials is essential to interpret shock metamorphism documented in rocks at hypervelocity impact structures on Earth, in meteorites, and in samples retrieved in space missions. Although our understanding of shock metamorphism has improved considerably within the last decades, the effects of friction and plastic deformation on shock metamorphism of complex, polycrystalline, non‐porous rocks are poorly constrained. Here, we report on shock‐recovery experiments in which natural granite was dynamically compressed to 0.5–18 GPa by singular, hemispherically decaying shock fronts. We then combine petrographic observations of shocked samples that retained their pre‐impact stratigraphy with distributions of peak pressures, temperatures, and volumetric strain rates obtained from numerical modeling to systematically investigate progressive shock metamorphism of granite. We find that the progressive shock metamorphism of granite observed here is mainly consistent with current classification schemes. However, we also find that intense shear deformation during shock compression and release causes the formation of highly localized melt veins at peak pressures as low as 6 GPa, which is an order of magnitude lower than currently thought. We also find that melt veins formed in quartz grains compressed to >10–12 GPa contain the high‐pressure silica polymorph stishovite. Our results illustrate the significance of shear and plastic deformation during hypervelocity impact and bear on our understanding of how melt veins containing high‐pressure polymorphs form in moderately shocked terrestrial impactites or meteorites.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evidence for Shear‐Induced Melting and Generation of Stishovite in Granite at Low (<18 GPa) Shock Pressure

et al. 2023

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“…Even if such shocked materials were collected, the initial locations of the samples could not be identified. Nevertheless, a recently developed technique (Hamann et al., 2023; Kurosawa et al., 2022; Ono et al., 2023), which uses a metal container to avoid the dispersion of strongly shocked samples, would allow the evaluation of the effects of irreversible changes and exceeding T C . Although the use of a metal container is required, the container method can be combined with magnetic measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pressure and Temperature Changes on Shock Remanence Acquisition for Single‐Domain Titanomagnetite‐Bearing Basalt

Sato,

Kurosawa,

Hasegawa

et al. 2024

JGR Planets

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Knowledge of the shock remanent magnetization (SRM) property is crucial for interpreting the spatial change in a magnetic anomaly observed over an impact crater. This study conducted two series of impact‐induced SRM acquisition experiments by varying the applied field intensity (0–400 μT) and impact conditions. Systematic remanence measurements of cube‐shaped subsamples cut from shocked basalt containing single‐domain titanomagnetite were conducted to investigate the effects of changes in pressure and temperature on the SRM acquisition. The peak pressure and temperature distributions in the shocked samples were estimated using shock‐physics modeling. SRM intensity was proportional to the applied field intensity of up to 400 μT. SRM intensity data for peak pressure and temperature of up to 8.0 GPa and 530 K, respectively, clearly show that it increases with increasing pressure and decreases with increasing temperature. The SRM has unblocking temperature components up to a Curie temperature of 510 K, and it easily demagnetizes with alternating field demagnetization. The observed SRM properties can be explained by the pressure‐induced microcoercivity reduction and temperature‐induced modification of the blocking curve. Although the remanence acquisition efficiency of the SRM is significantly lower than that of the thermoremanent magnetization (TRM), the magnetic anomaly originating from the SRM distribution in a broader region may show a contribution comparable to that of the impact‐induced TRM distribution in a narrow region.

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“…The intense shear deformation results in significant heating that melt the rock, forming the veins. Localized melt veins have been generated previously at similarly low pressures in experiments using similar analog materials (Kenkmann et al., 2000; Langenhorst et al., 2002), and for other types of materials (e.g., Ono et al., 2023) but Hamann et al. (2023) can provide further, more detailed, understanding of how shear‐induced melting operates on the scale of individual grains in felsic polymineralic rocks because of the updated experimental setup.…”

Section: A Modern Experimental Setup To Study Progressive Shock Metam...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Tying Shock Features to Impact Conditions: The Significance of Shear Deformation During Impact Cratering

Alwmark

2023

JGR Planets

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Impact cratering is associated with extreme physical conditions with temperatures and pressures far exceeding conditions otherwise prevailing at the surfaces of terrestrial planets. As a consequence, shock‐metamorphosed rocks contain unique deformation features such as planar deformation features in quartz, high‐pressure mineral polymorphs and melted rock. While the physical conditions of formation for impact‐induced melting following the highest pressure and temperature conditions is relatively well understood, aspects of the formation of melt‐veins in otherwise seemingly relatively low shock material has been the topic of discussion. In a new study, Hamann et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JE007742) are able to largely reproduce the current classification of progressive shock metamorphism of felsic rocks using a modern experimental set up that eliminates multiple shock wave reflections at sample containers and excavation and ejection of target material. Importantly, however, they find that shear deformation results in the formation of melt veins at pressures as low as 6 GPa. The authors recover stishovite in melt veins formed at low‐moderate (<18 GPa) shock pressure, lower than most previous studies. These results have bearing on our understanding of the conditions of progressive shock metamorphism at terrestrial impact structures. However, since the results are similar to data obtained from experiments on basaltic rocks, the results also have broader implications for understanding the shock histories of meteorite parent bodies. Hamann et al. show the importance of experimental impact cratering for bridging the gap between observations in shocked rocks from terrestrial impact structures, in meteorites, and in returned samples, and their formational conditions.

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Experimentally Shock‐Induced Melt Veins in Basalt: Improving the Shock Classification of Eucrites

Cited by 4 publications

References 57 publications

Experimental Evidence for Shear‐Induced Melting and Generation of Stishovite in Granite at Low (<18 GPa) Shock Pressure

Experimental Evidence for Shear‐Induced Melting and Generation of Stishovite in Granite at Low (<18 GPa) Shock Pressure

Effects of Pressure and Temperature Changes on Shock Remanence Acquisition for Single‐Domain Titanomagnetite‐Bearing Basalt

Tying Shock Features to Impact Conditions: The Significance of Shear Deformation During Impact Cratering

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