Experimentally obtainable energy from mixing river water, seawater or brines with reverse electrodialysis

Daniilidis, Alexandros; Vermaas, David A.; Herber, Rien; Nijmeijer, DC Kitty

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2013.11.001

Cited by 226 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These factors affect also other aspects as the Ohmic resistances and the nonOhmic resistances (due to the concentration polarization and the streamwise change of the bulk concentration) which reduce the actual driving force [7,[12][13][14]. Therefore, in the optimization of the stack and of the operating conditions one has to account for the combined effects of several factors on various aspects [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The channel thickness is usually ~100-500 μm, the channel length ranges from 10 cm (laboratory scale) to ~40 cm (prototype scale); the typical linear flow velocities at which the maximum net power is obtained are around 1 cm s -1 , corresponding to very low Reynolds numbers (lower than 5) [7,[10][11][12][13][14]18,20,21]. Therefore, the fluid flow regime is perfectly steady.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressure drop at low Reynolds numbers in woven-spacer-filled channels for membrane processes: CFD prediction and experimental validation

Gurreri

Tamburini

Cipollina

et al. 2017

DWt

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a b s t r a c tThe energy consumption due to pumping power is a crucial issue in membrane processes. Spacers provide mechanical stability and promote mixing, yet increasing pressure drop. Woven spacers and their behaviour at low Reynolds numbers are less studied in the literature. Nevertheless, they are typical of some membrane technologies, as reverse electrodialysis (RED). RED is a promising technology for electric power generation by the chemical potential difference of two salt solutions within a stack equipped by selective ion-exchange membranes. The mechanical energy required for pumping the feed solutions, can dramatically reduce the net power output. In this work computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of spacer-filled channels at low Reynolds numbers were carried out in parallel with an experimental campaign focused on the collection of data for model validation. Woven spacers 280-480 μm thick were investigated at the flow rates typical of RED channels. The construction of the computational domain was based on measurements made by optical microscopy and micrometer. Fully developed flow conditions were assumed, thus, periodic boundary conditions were adopted (unit cell approach). The experiments were carried out in a flow cell with one channel. Pressure drops were measured with and without the spacer, in order to quantify the effect of inlet-outlet channel and identify the distributed pressure drops due to the woven nets. Experimental results showed that the distributed pressure drop along the spacer-filled channel for the cases investigated is around 40% of the overall pressure loss. The significant contribution of the manifolds is due to the relatively high velocity of the fluid entering and leaving the channel in radial direction in the inlet and outlet holes, as in the RED stacks commonly used. However, an improved geometry of the distribution and collection system can easily result in a significant reduction of hydraulic loss in this part of the stack. Therefore, the optimization of the spacer geometry is crucial. In this regard, a good agreement between CFD results and experimental data on hydraulic loss along the channel was found, thus confirming that a simple CFD model (as the one presented in this work) can be a powerful and cheap tool, able to efficiently evaluate the pressure drops within spacer-filled channels of any customised geometry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure drop at low Reynolds numbers in woven-spacer-filled channels for membrane processes: CFD prediction and experimental validation

Gurreri

Tamburini

Cipollina

et al. 2017

DWt

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“…are crucial aspects for enhancing the process performance. [15] 2014 Daniilidis et al 6.70 100 µm spacers, 0.01 M -5 M, 60°C [15] Different electrode systems were tested, as the selection of suitable redox couple and electrodes also plays a role for improving the process performance, especially at laboratory-scale. The redox species commonly adopted for RED applications are iron redox couples, such as FeCl3 / FeCl2, K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 and Fe(III)-EDTA/Fe(II)-EDTA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first experimental demonstration of this potential was given by Turek et al in 2008, who reached 0.87 W/m 2 of membrane using fresh water (0.01 M NaCl) and coal-mine brine (1.9 M NaCl) [13]. More recently, Daniilidis et al achieved a maximum power density of 5.3 W/m 2 with fresh water (0.01 M NaCl) and highly concentrated brine (5 M NaCl) at 40°C, using a small laboratory stack equipped with 5 cell pairs and thin spacers (100 µm) [15]. Moreover, increasing the temperature up to 60°C, a maximum power density of 6.7 W/m 2 of membrane was obtained by the same authors [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Daniilidis et al achieved a maximum power density of 5.3 W/m 2 with fresh water (0.01 M NaCl) and highly concentrated brine (5 M NaCl) at 40°C, using a small laboratory stack equipped with 5 cell pairs and thin spacers (100 µm) [15]. Moreover, increasing the temperature up to 60°C, a maximum power density of 6.7 W/m 2 of membrane was obtained by the same authors [15]. These conditions were identified after investigating a wider range of concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reverse electrodialysis with saline waters and concentrated brines: A laboratory investigation towards technology scale-up

Tedesco

Brauns

Cipollina

et al. 2015

Journal of Membrane Science

174

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The Green Lean Amine Machine: Harvesting Electric Power While Capturing Carbon Dioxide from Breath

et al. 2021

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As wearable technologies redefine the way people exchange information, receive entertainment, and monitor health, the development of sustainable power sources that capture energy from the user's everyday activities garners increasing interest. Electric fishes, such as the electric eel and the torpedo ray, provide inspiration for such a power source with their ability to generate massive discharges of electricity solely from the metabolic processes within their bodies. Inspired by their example, the device presented in this work harnesses electric power from ion gradients established by capturing the carbon dioxide (CO2) from human breath. Upon localized exposure to CO2, this novel adaptation of reverse electrodialysis chemically generates ion gradients from a single initial solution uniformly distributed throughout the device instead of requiring the active circulation of two different external solutions. A thorough analysis of the relationship between electrical output and the concentration of carbon capture agent (monoethanolamine, MEA), the amount of CO2 captured, and the device geometry informs device design. The prototype device presented here harvests enough energy from a breath‐generated ion gradient to power small electronic devices, such as a light‐emitting diode (LED).

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Experimentally obtainable energy from mixing river water, seawater or brines with reverse electrodialysis

Cited by 226 publications

References 32 publications

Pressure drop at low Reynolds numbers in woven-spacer-filled channels for membrane processes: CFD prediction and experimental validation

Pressure drop at low Reynolds numbers in woven-spacer-filled channels for membrane processes: CFD prediction and experimental validation

Reverse electrodialysis with saline waters and concentrated brines: A laboratory investigation towards technology scale-up

The Green Lean Amine Machine: Harvesting Electric Power While Capturing Carbon Dioxide from Breath

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